Synergy of a heteroatom (P-F) in nanostructured SnO as an anode for sodium-ion batteries

• Published in: Sustainable energy & fuels Vol. 5; no. 1; pp. 2678 - 2687
• Main Authors: Chothe, Ujjwala P, Ambalkar, Anuradha A, Ugale, Chitra K, Kulkarni, Milind V, Kale, Bharat B
• Format: Journal Article
• Published: 18.05.2021
• ISSN: 2398-4902
• DOI: 10.1039/d1se00219h

Na-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted attention due to their economics and eco-friendly nature compared to lithium-ion batteries. Tin-based compounds are focused for SIBs owing to high theoretical capacities, though they have problems such as lower conductivity and pulverization that hinder their practical applications. Nanoscaling of the tin-based anode material with dual heteroatom doping having different functions might improve the electrochemical performance. Hence, a green approach for the synthesis of dual ion (P-F)-doped nanostructured Sn 3 O 4 by a hydrothermal method was demonstrated with excellent Na-storage performance. A strategy of synthesizing dual ion-doped Sn 3 O 4 can boost electrochemical performances owing to lattice distortion caused by defects, improved sodium ion conductivity and structural stability of electrodes. Significantly, P and F doping into Sn 3 O 4 exhibits high specific capacity with superior rate capability, i.e. 705 mA h g −1 at 50 mA g −1 and 136 mA h g −1 at current density 5 A g −1 . The physical insights into the Sn 3 O 4 structure due to doping are illustrated, and the relationship with capacity density was investigated. This dual-ion doping strategy may motivate constructing high-performance SIBs. A strategy of dual-ion doping of Sn 3 O 4 boosts electrochemical performances due to lattice distortion caused by defects, improved sodium ion conductivity and the structural stability of electrodes.