Enhancing the activation of persulfate using nitrogen-doped carbon materials in the electric field for the effective removal of -nitrophenol
Degradation of nonbiodegradable organic compounds into harmless substances is one of the main challenges in environmental protection. Electrically-activated persulfate process has served as an efficient advanced oxidation process (AOP) to degrade organic compounds. In this study, we synthesized thre...
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Published in | RSC advances Vol. 11; no. 6; pp. 383 - 3815 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Published |
25.11.2021
|
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Degradation of nonbiodegradable organic compounds into harmless substances is one of the main challenges in environmental protection. Electrically-activated persulfate process has served as an efficient advanced oxidation process (AOP) to degrade organic compounds. In this study, we synthesized three nitrogen-doped carbon materials, namely, nitrogen-doped activated carbon plus graphene (NC), and nitrogen-doped activated carbon (NAC), nitrogen-doped graphene (NGE), and three nitrogen-doped carbon material-graphite felt (GF) cathodes. The three nitrogen-doped carbon materials (NC, NGE, NAC) were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray electron spectroscopy, and nitrogen desorption-adsorption. The electron spin resonance technique was used to identify the presence of hydroxyl radicals (&z.rad;OH), sulfate radicals (SO
4
&z.rad;
−
) and singlet oxygen (
1
O
2
) species. The results showed that NC was more conducive for the production of free radicals. In addition, we applied NC-GF to an electro-activated persulfate system with the degradation of
p
-nitrophenol and investigated its performance for contaminant degradation under different conditions. In general, the nitrogen-doped carbon electrode electro-activated persulfate process is a promising way to treat organic pollutants in wastewater.
In the process of electro-activation of PDS by carbon cathode, PNP was removed from water mainly through SO
4
&z.rad;
−
produced by cathode, &z.rad;OH and
1
O
2
produced indirectly, direct electron transfer and non-free radical oxidation of anode. |
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ISSN: | 2046-2069 |
DOI: | 10.1039/d1ra06691a |