Chromo-pharmacophores: photochromic diarylmaleimide inhibitors for sirtuinsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Detailed experimental procedures of the synthesis of 3 and 11, additional spectral data, photochemical measurements, biological data and docking studies of 2, 3 and 11. See DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01346h

• Main Authors: Falenczyk, C, Schiedel, M, Karaman, B, Rumpf, T, Kuzmanovic, N, Grøtli, M, Sippl, W, Jung, M, König, B
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 28.10.2014
• ISSN: 2041-6520; 2041-6539
• DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01346h

Controlling the activity of sirtuins is of high biomedical relevance as the enzymes are involved in cancer, neurodegeneration and other diseases. Therefore structural elements of 3,4-bisindoylmaleimides (BIMs), which are known NAD + -dependent histone deacetylase (sirtuin) inhibitors, were merged with photochromic diarylmaleimides to yield photoswitchable enzyme inhibitors. The new inhibitors show excellent photophysical properties, are switchable even in polar solvents, and subtype selective against hSirt2. The inhibitory activity changes up to a factor of 22 for the two photoisomers and physiological properties can therefore be effectively toggled by irradiation with light of different wavelengths. Docking experiments using the enzyme crystal structure explain the observed activity changes based on the steric demand of the thiophene substitution and the rigidity of the molecular structure. Controlling the activity of sirtuins is of high biomedical relevance as the enzymes are involved in cancer, neurodegeneration and other diseases.