Nuclear Import of the LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1 is redundantly mediated by Importinα−1, Importinα−2, and Importinα−3
LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1 (LHP1) encodes the only plant homologue of the metazoan HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1 (HP1) protein family. LHP1 is necessary for proper epigenetic regulation of a range of developmental processes in plants. LHP1 is a transcriptional repressor of flowering related genes, suc...
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Published in | The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology Vol. 103; no. 3; pp. 1205 - 1214 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
01.06.2020
|
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1 (LHP1) encodes the only plant homologue of the metazoan HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1 (HP1) protein family. LHP1 is necessary for proper epigenetic regulation of a range of developmental processes in plants. LHP1 is a transcriptional repressor of flowering related genes, such as
FLOWERING LOCUS T
(
FT
),
FLOWERING LOCUS C
(
FLC
),
AGAMOUS
(
AG
), and
APETALA 3
(
AP3
). We found that LHP1 interacts with importin [alpha]-1 (IMPα−1), importin [alpha]-2 (IMPα−2), and importin [alpha]-3 (IMPα−3), both
in vitro
and
in vivo
. A genetic approach revealed that triple mutation of
impα−1
,
impα−2
, and
impα−3
resulted in
Arabidopsis
plants with a rapid flowering phenotype similar to that of plants with mutations in
lhp1
due to the up-regulation of
FT
expression. Nuclear targeting of LHP1 was severely impaired in the
impα
triple mutant, resulting in the de-repression of LHP1 target genes
AG, AP3
, and
SHATTERPROOF 1
as well as
FT
. Therefore, the importin proteins IMPα−1, IMPα−2, and IMPα−3 are necessary for the nuclear import of LHP1. |
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Bibliography: | These authors contributed equally to the work C.C. and H.Y. performed most of the experiment. D.K. analyzed LHP1-GFP in protoplasts and primary root. B.Y and Z.B carried out transcriptome analysis. Y.L., H.K., Y.R., J. M., and H.K. performed the phenotype observations, measurements, and the gene cloning. S.S. and J.H. designed experiments and wrote the manuscript. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS |
ISSN: | 0960-7412 1365-313X |
DOI: | 10.1111/tpj.14796 |