Measles virus and rinderpest virus divergence dated to the rise of large cities

• Published in: Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 368; no. 6497; pp. 1367 - 1370
• Main Authors: Düx, Ariane, Lequime, Sebastian, Patrono, Livia Victoria, Vrancken, Bram, Boral, Sengül, Gogarten, Jan F., Hilbig, Antonia, Horst, David, Merkel, Kevin, Prepoint, Baptiste, Santibanez, Sabine, Schlotterbeck, Jasmin, Suchard, Marc A., Ulrich, Markus, Widulin, Navena, Mankertz, Annette, Leendertz, Fabian H., Harper, Kyle, Schnalke, Thomas, Lemey, Philippe, Calvignac-Spencer, Sébastien
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 19.06.2020
• ISSN: 0036-8075; 1095-9203
• DOI: 10.1126/science.aba9411

Many infectious diseases are thought to have emerged in humans after the Neolithic revolution. While it is broadly accepted that this also applies to measles, the exact date of emergence for this disease is controversial. Here, we sequenced the genome of a 1912 measles virus and used selection-aware molecular clock modeling to determine the divergence date of measles virus and rinderpest virus. This divergence date represents the earliest possible date for the establishment of measles in human populations. Our analyses show that the measles virus potentially arose as early as the 6 th century BCE, possibly coinciding with the rise of large cities. Measles virus diverged from rinderpest virus in the 6 th century BCE, which is compatible with an ancient emergence of measles.