Two SUMO Proteases SUMO PROTEASE RELATED TO FERTILITY1 and 2 Are Required for Fertility in Arabidopsis1
SUMO proteases regulate plant fertility through multiple pathways. In plants, the posttranslational modification small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is involved in regulating several important developmental and cellular processes, including flowering time control and responses to biotic and abiotic...
Saved in:
Published in | Plant physiology (Bethesda) Vol. 175; no. 4; pp. 1703 - 1719 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
American Society of Plant Biologists
24.10.2017
|
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Summary: | SUMO proteases regulate plant fertility through multiple pathways.
In plants, the posttranslational modification small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is involved in regulating several important developmental and cellular processes, including flowering time control and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we report two proteases, SUMO PROTEASE RELATED TO FERTILITY1 (SPF1) and SPF2, that regulate male and female gamete and embryo development and remove SUMO from proteins in vitro and in vivo.
spf1
mutants exhibit abnormal floral structures and embryo development, while
spf2
mutants exhibit largely a wild-type phenotype. However,
spf1 spf2
double mutants exhibit severe abnormalities in microgametogenesis, megagametogenesis, and embryo development, suggesting that the two genes are functionally redundant. Mutation of
SPF1
and
SPF2
genes also results in misexpression of generative- and embryo-specific genes. In vitro, SPF1 and SPF2 process SUMO1 precursors into a mature form, and as expected in vivo,
spf1
and
spf2
mutants accumulate SUMO conjugates. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified EMBRYO SAC DEVELOPMENT ARREST9 (EDA9) as an SPF1-interacting protein. In vivo, we demonstrate that EDA9 is sumolyated and that, in
spf1
mutants, EDA9-SUMO conjugates increase in abundance, demonstrating that EDA9 is a substrate of SPF1. Together, our results demonstrate that SPF1 and SPF2 are two SUMO proteases important for plant development in Arabidopsis (
Arabidopsis thaliana
). |
---|---|
Bibliography: | The authors responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) are: Yong-Fu Fu (fuyongfu@caas.cn) and Fulu Chen (chenfulu@caas.cn). F.C. and Y.-F.F. conceived and designed all research with help from X.Z., I.S., and G.C.; L.L., Y.J., and X.Z. performed the experiments and analyzed the data with assistance from F.C., X.W., Y.W., Y.H., and J.B.J. under the supervision of F.C. and Y.-F.F.; Y.-F.F., I.S., and G.C. wrote the article. These authors contributed equally to the article. www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.17.00021 |
ISSN: | 0032-0889 1532-2548 |
DOI: | 10.1104/pp.17.00021 |