Global Warming Can Negate the Expected CO2 Stimulation in Photosynthesis and Productivity for Soybean Grown in the Midwestern United States1[W][OA]
Rising carbon dioxide and rising temperature have opposing effects on yield, with variations causing slightly higher yields in one year and much lower yields in another. Extensive evidence shows that increasing carbon dioxide concentration ( [CO 2 ] ) stimulates, and increasing temperature decreases...
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| Published in | Plant physiology (Bethesda) Vol. 162; no. 1; pp. 410 - 423 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
American Society of Plant Biologists
19.03.2013
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Summary: | Rising carbon dioxide and rising temperature have opposing effects on yield, with variations causing slightly higher yields in one year and much lower yields in another.
Extensive evidence shows that increasing carbon dioxide concentration (
[CO
2
]
) stimulates, and increasing temperature decreases, both net photosynthetic carbon assimilation (
A
) and biomass production for C
3
plants. However the
[CO
2
]
-induced stimulation in
A
is projected to increase further with warmer temperature. While the influence of increasing temperature and
[CO
2
]
, independent of each other, on
A
and biomass production have been widely investigated, the interaction between these two major global changes has not been tested on field-grown crops. Here, the interactive effect of both elevated
[CO
2
]
(approximately 585 μmol mol
−1
) and temperature (+3.5°C) on soybean (
Glycine max
)
A
, biomass, and yield were tested over two growing seasons in the Temperature by Free-Air CO
2
Enrichment experiment at the Soybean Free Air CO
2
Enrichment facility. Measurements of
A
, stomatal conductance, and intercellular
[CO
2
]
were collected along with meteorological, water potential, and growth data. Elevated temperatures caused lower
A
, which was largely attributed to declines in stomatal conductance and intercellular
[CO
2
]
and led in turn to lower yields. Increasing both
[CO
2
]
and temperature stimulated
A
relative to elevated
[CO
2
]
alone on only two sampling days during 2009 and on no days in 2011. In 2011, the warmer of the two years, there were no observed increases in yield in the elevated temperature plots regardless of whether
[CO
2
]
was elevated. All treatments lowered the harvest index for soybean, although the effect of elevated
[CO
2
]
in 2011 was not statistically significant. These results provide a better understanding of the physiological responses of soybean to future climate change conditions and suggest that the potential is limited for elevated
[CO
2
]
to mitigate the influence of rising temperatures on photosynthesis, growth, and yields of C
3
crops. |
|---|---|
| Bibliography: | Present address: Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, and by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, through the Midwestern Center of the National Institute for Climate Change Research. www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.112.211938 The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Carl J. Bernacchi (bernacch@illinois.edu). The online version of this article contains Web-only data. Open Access articles can be viewed online without a subscription. |
| ISSN: | 0032-0889 1532-2548 |
| DOI: | 10.1104/pp.112.211938 |