Mpox-specific immune responses elicited by vaccination or infection in people living with HIV

In the recent mpox outbreak, people living with HIV (PLWH) were at high risk both for contracting infection and for suffering a more severe disease course. We studied cellular and humoral immune responses elicited by mpox infection (n = 5; n = 3 PLWH) or smallpox vaccination (n = 17; all PLWH) in a...

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Published inThe Journal of infectious diseases
Main Authors Grüner, Eva, Grossegesse, Marica, Stern, Daniel, Ober, Veronica, Eser, Tabea M, Reiling, Gabriele, Stirner, Renate, Ibarra, Gerardo, Postel, Nils, Conca, Raffaele, Dächert, Christopher, Grifoni, Alba, Sette, Alessandro, Bogner, Johannes, Seybold, Ulrich, Roider, Julia
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 13.03.2024
Subjects
MVA-vaccine
smallpox-vaccine
orthopox virus
HIV
mpox recovered
T cell response
mpox virus
IgG response
neutralizing antibodies
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Summary:In the recent mpox outbreak, people living with HIV (PLWH) were at high risk both for contracting infection and for suffering a more severe disease course. We studied cellular and humoral immune responses elicited by mpox infection (n = 5; n = 3 PLWH) or smallpox vaccination (n = 17; all PLWH) in a cohort of men who have sex with men. All PLWH were successfully treated, with stable CD4 counts and undetectable HIV viral loads. 11/17 vaccinated individuals had received childhood smallpox vaccination. In this group of individuals, both two-dose MVA-vaccination and natural infection evoked mpox-specific immune responses mediated by B cells as well as CD4 and CD8 T cells. This study improves our understanding of smallpox vaccination mediated cross-reactivity to other orthopox viruses, and the long-lasting durability of childhood smallpox vaccination mediated immune responses including in PLWH.
ISSN:1537-6613