Altered purinergic P2X7 and A 2B receptors signaling limits macrophage-mediated host defense in schistosomiasis

• Published in: Biomedical journal p. 100713
• Main Authors: Thorstenberg, Maria Luiza, Martins, Monique Daiane Andrade, Oliveira, Nathália Ferreira, Monteiro, Matheus Macedo L V, Santos, GustavoR C, Pereira, HenriqueM Gualberto, Savio, Luiz Eduardo Baggio, Coutinho-Silva, Robson, Silva, Claudia Lucia Martins
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 03.03.2024
• Subjects: Schistosomiasis; P2X7 receptors; Adenosine receptors; Host defense; CD39; Leishmaniasis; Macrophages; Parasite-host interaction
• ISSN: 2320-2890

The occurrence of co-infections during schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, with other parasites have been reported suggesting an impaired host immune defense. Macrophage purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) play an important role against intracellular pathogens. Therefore, we investigated the P2X7R-mediated phagocytosis and killing capacity of Leishmania amazonensis by macrophages during schistosomiasis in vitro and in vivo. Swiss and C57BL/6 (Wild type) and P2X7R were randomized in two groups: control (uninfected) and Schistosoma mansoni-infected. Alternatively, control Swiss and S. mansoni-infected mice were also infected with L. amazonensis. The pre-treatment of macrophages with the P2X7R antagonist (A74003) or TGF-β reduced the phagocytosis index, mimicking the phenotype of cells from S. mansoni-infected mice and P2X7R mice. Apyrase also reduced the phagocytosis index corroborating the role of ATP to macrophage activation. Moreover, l-arginine-nitric oxide pathway was compromised, which could explain the reduced killing capacity in response to ATP in vitro and in vivo. We found an increased extracellular nucleotide (ATP, ADP and AMP) hydrolysis along with an increased frequency of F4/80 CD39 macrophages from the S. mansoni-infected group. Moreover, the content of adenosine in the cell supernatant was higher in the S. mansoni-infected group in relation to controls. Schistosomiasis also increased the expression of macrophage adenosine A R. In good accordance, both ADA and the selective A R antagonist restored the phagocytosis index of macrophages from S. mansoni-infected group. Altogether, the altered P2X7R and A R signaling limits the role of macrophages to host defense against L. amazonensis during schistosomiasis, potentially contributing to the pathophysiology and clinically relevant co-infections.