Virtual Reality as pain relief in burn care: a pilot RCT on the effectiveness on pain during multiple dressing changes

• Published in: Journal of burn care & research
• Main Authors: Blokzijl, Susanne J, Lamberts, Kirsten F, Nieuwenhuis, Marianne K, Beerthuizen, Gerard I J M, Spikman, Jacoba M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 16.03.2023
• Subjects: burn care; pain management; Virtual Reality; psychological factors; sense of presence
• ISSN: 1559-0488

This pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR)-distraction on pain during multiple Wound Dressing Changes (WDCs). Furthermore, associations between demographic, clinical and psychological factors and pain during WDC were determined. Participants were randomized to either the VR-condition or Care As Usual (CAU)-condition. Both groups received standard wound care and pain medication. The VR-group additionally received VR-distraction. The primary outcome measure was pain intensity (VAT 0-10). Secondary outcome measures were pain medication (Fentanyl spray and/or Piritramide) and satisfaction with WDC (VAT 0-10). Only 38 patients (VR-group: n=21; CAU-group: n=17) of the 128 intended patients were included during the study period due to several limitations (strict exclusion criteria and restrictions of the VR-equipment). No significant differences were found between both groups on pain intensity and medication. Both groups were also equally satisfied with WDC. Age showed a significant negative correlation with pain during WDC. In view of the small sample size, this study has restricted power and should be considered a pilot. Nevertheless, a RCT with between-subjects design across multiple WDCs was feasible and, given the speed of VR-developments, we expect larger, better powered RCTs to be possible in the near future, for which our experiences and recommendations are relevant.