Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of PM 10 over Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP), adjoining regions and Indo-Himalayan Range (IHR) during a winter 2014 campaign
For source identification, a field campaign involving simultaneous sampling of particulate matter (PM ) was conducted at eight sampling sites in the Indian mainland during winter 2014. The sampling sites include Delhi (upper IGP), Lucknow (middle IGP), and Kolkata (lower IGP) in the Indo-Gangetic Pl...
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Published in | Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 25; no. 26; p. 26279 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Germany
01.09.2018
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | For source identification, a field campaign involving simultaneous sampling of particulate matter (PM
) was conducted at eight sampling sites in the Indian mainland during winter 2014. The sampling sites include Delhi (upper IGP), Lucknow (middle IGP), and Kolkata (lower IGP) in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP); Mohal-Kullu and Darjeeling in the Indo-Himalayan Range (IHR). In addition, Ajmer, located upwind of the IGP in NW-India and Giridih and Bhubaneswar, in the downwind to the IGP has also been chosen. To characterize the sources of the ambient PM
, stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ
C
) and nitrogen (δ
N
) for the total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) fractions have been considered. Ancillary chemical parameters, such as organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble ionic components (WSIC) mass concentrations are also presented in this paper. There was very small variation in the daily average δ
C
ratios (- 24.8 to - 25.9‰) among the sites. Comparison with end-member stable C isotopic signatures of major typical sources suggests that the PM
at the sites was mainly from fossil fuel and biofuel and biomass combustion. Daily average δ
N
ratios were not observed to vary much between sites either (8.3 to 11.0‰), and the low δ
N
levels also indicate substantial contributions from biofuel and biomass burning of primarily C3 andC4 plant matter. Graphical abstract Scatter plot of the average (± 1 standard deviation (SD)) δ
C
(‰) compared to δ
N
(‰) at the sampling sites. |
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ISSN: | 1614-7499 |