The Pia Mater Significantly Contributes to Spinal Cord Intraparenchymal Pressure in a Simulated Model of Edema

• Published in: Spine (Philadelphia, Pa. 1976)
• Main Authors: Harwell, Daniel M, Gibson, Justin L, Fessler, R David, Holtz, Jeffrey, Pettigrew, David B, Kuntz, Charles
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 30.11.2015
• ISSN: 1528-1159

Intraparenchymal pressure (IPP) measurements in an in vitro cadaveric model of CNS edema OBJECTIVE.: To assess the contribution of pia mater to IPP and the effect of piotomy. Multicenter randomized control trials have shown that decompression with durotomy/duroplasty significantly decreases intracranial pressure (ICP). There is a paucity of evidence regarding the effectiveness of decompression of the spinal cord by piotomy. The supratentorial brain and spinal cord were removed from six fresh cadavers. Dura and arachnoid mater were removed. ICP monitors were placed bilaterally in the frontal and parietal lobes, and centrally in the cervical and thoracic spinal cord. To simulate edema, specimens were submerged in hypotonic solution. IPP was recorded over five days. A complete dorsal midline piotomy was performed on the spinal cord and resulting IPP was recorded. Brain and spinal cord both increased in weight. IPP significantly increased in both brain and spinal cord. The IPP increase within the spinal cord was substantially greater (averages: all four lobes = 4.0 mm Hg; cervical = 73.7 mm Hg; thoracic = 49.3 mm Hg). After piotomy, cervical and thoracic spinal cord IPP decreased immediately (avg. post-piotomy IPP = 9.7 and 10.3, respectively). There were differential effects on brain and spinal cord IPP. Brain IPP increased only slightly, possibly due to the absence of the cranium and dura mater. In contrast, spinal cord IPP increased substantially even in the absence of the laminae, dura, and arachnoid mater. Piotomy immediately and dramatically reduced spinal cord IPP. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that spinal cord IPP is primarily dependent on constraints imposed by the pia mater. Conversely, in the absence of the cranium and dura mater, the sulci may permit the pia-invested brain to better accommodate edema without significant increases in IPP. N/A.