Evaluation of wheat world genetic collections to harmful pathogens

• Published in: Phytopathology Vol. 100; no. 6; p. S65
• Main Authors: Kovalenko, ED, Kolomiets, T M, Kiseleva, MI, Lapochkina, I F, Ablova, IB, Khudokormova, Z N, Bockelman, H
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 01.06.2010
• Subjects: Puccinia triticina; Septoria; Triticum aestivum
• ISSN: 0031-949X

Puccinia triticina, Septoria sp. and powdery mildew are the most harmful diseases of wheat in Russia. Nine hundred and twenty-two winter and spring wheat accessions from NSGC, ARIPI, ARINCZ, and CIMMYT were evaluated for leaf rust, septoriosis and powdery mildew in the infection nurseries of Central region: All Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology (ARRIP), Agriculture Research Institute of Non Chernozem Zone (ARINCZ), and North Caucasian region: Krasnodar Agriculture Research Institute (KARI). The leaf rust pathotypes and Septoria strains characterized genetic diversity, high virulence and aggressive were selected for creation artificial infectious backgrounds. Wheat cultivars were evaluated for resistance to powdery mildew in natural infection environments. The main resistance types to septoria and leaf rust in winter and spring wheats were identified based on field and laboratory data. As a result of a study of partial resistance components in field nursery (AUDPC) and in an artificial climate chamber (latent period, pustule/spot density, pustule/spot size) the genotypes with high level of partial resistance to leaf rust and Septoria were identified. The most of accessions with race-specific and partial resistance to leaf rust was found out among synthetic lines of wheat from USDA-ARS and spring wheat cultivars from CIMMYT. Resistant and moderately resistant to septoriosis cultivars and group resistant to leaf rust, Septoria and powdery mildew wheat samples were revealed. Wheat cultivars with complex resistance, partial resistance and combined different resistance types are represented the greatest interest for breeding. The juvenile genes of resistance to leaf rust were identified for more than 100 wheat cultivars by the phytopathologic testing and the STS and SSR-markers. Resistant wheat cultivars from National Small Grains Collection (NSGC) with complex of economically valuable features for quality improvement of wheat cultivars in Central region of Russia were selected. The following hybrid lines of spring wheat: PI 520375 (Mexico), PI 519425, PI 520528 (U.S.A., N. Dakota) and winter wheat: PI 564430, PI 564291 (Bulgaria), PI 422224, PI 547264, PI 547262 (England), PI 604222 (U.S.A., KS) and PI 447407 (China), can be recommended for breeding program.