Therapeutic Potential of Recreation on Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: A Literature Review

• Published in: Advances in mind-body medicine Vol. 38; no. 2; pp. 28 - 32
• Main Authors: Gharpure, Vaidehi, Parab, Shrutika, Ryain, Aamreen, Ghosh, Amrita
• Format: Magazine Article
• Language: English
• Published: Mendota Heights InnoVision Health Media, Inc 01.04.2024
• Subjects: Anxiety; Cognition & reasoning; Cohort analysis; Dance; Exercise; Hallucinations; Intervention; Nervous system; Parkinson's disease; Physical fitness; Physical therapy; Quality of life; Recreation; Rehabilitation; Sleep disorders
• ISSN: 1532-1843

Diminishing physical activity levels are likely to go unreported in the clinical setting since they seem to decline before clinical tests of motor impairments.2 Non-motor symptoms (NMS) such as anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, autonomic dysregulation, and sensory impairments are just as debilitating as motor symptoms and negatively impact an individual's quality of life.3 Development of NMSs is strongly linked to the "gut-brain axis".4 Lack of probiotics in the gut causes an increase in detrimental microbiota which produces endotoxins like lipopolysaccharide. Liposaccharides are also responsible for inducing self-renewing a- synuclein,4 deposition of which in heart, intestine, skin, and submandibular glands is attributed to the pathophysiology of NMS.4 The Braak theory proposed a six-stage pathological process of PD that initiates with Lewy body deposition in the olfactory bulb and raphe nucleus in the brainstem making hyposmia and Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep disorders one of the earliest signs of PD.5 Every individual with PD will have at least one NMS preceding the motor stage of the disease and contribute more to a decline in the quality of life compared to motor symptoms.5 NMSs have piqued the interest of researchers in recent decades, with a focus on understanding its development, mechanism, and nature. Recreational activities enhance patients' compliance and adherence to regular physiotherapy by improving their social engagement. [...]the present study was intended to summon the available literature focusing on recreational activities that address non-motor symptoms. Each of the above-mentioned literature focused on the effect of physical activity-based recreation on quality of life, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and cognition in individuals with PD. Only one study investigated the effect of physical activity-based recreation on outcomes of olfactory symptoms.