MINERALIZATION AND PLANT UPTAKE OF sigma up 14 not equal to -LABELED NONYLPHENOL, NONYLPHENOL TETRAETHOXYLATE, AND NONYLPHENOL NONYLETHOXYLATE IN BIOSOLIDS/SOIL SYSTEMS PLANTED WITH CRESTED WHEATGRASS

• Published in: Environmental toxicology and chemistry Vol. 26; no. 2; pp. 193 - 200
• Main Authors: Dettenmaier, Erik, Doucette, William J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 01.02.2007
• ISSN: 0730-7268

Microcosm experiments (duration, 150 d) were conducted to evaluate the mineralization and plant uptake of [ sigma up 14 not equal to ]nonylphenol (NP), [ sigma up 14 not equal to ]nonylphenol tetraethoxylate (NPE4), and [ sigma up 14 not equal to ]nonylphenol nonylethoxylate (NPE9) in a soil/biosolids (99.5:0.5 w/w) environment planted with crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum). Three initial nominal concentrations (6, 24, and 47 mg/kg dry wt) each of NP, NPE4, and NPE9 were examined along with unplanted and unplanted poisoned controls. Phenol (22 mg/kg) also was evaluated as a more degradable reference compound. The biosolids were obtained from a municipal treatment plant, and the loamy sand soil was freshly collected. Mineralization ranged from 7% for NP to 53% for phenol, and no enhancement was observed in the planted systems. For NP, NPE4, and NPE9, sigma up 14 not equal to foliar tissues concentrations were proportional to exposure concentrations but were 10-fold lower than the root concentrations and two- to threefold lower than the soil concentrations. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) based on sigma up 14 not equal to measurements ranged from 0.31 (mg compound/kg dry plant/ mg compound/kg dry soil) for systems spiked with NP to 0.52 for systems spiked with NPE9. Results of the NP analysis (initial concentration, 47 mg/ kg) showed a 90% decrease in the soil concentration and an average BCF of 1.0. The lower BCF calculated from the sigma up 14 not equal to analysis likely resulted from the presence of NP transformation products in the soil that are less available or are translocated by the plants but quantified by the combustion/liquid scintillation counting procedure. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]