Tropical medicine rounds: Etiology and incidence of chronic ulcers in Blantyre, Malawi

• Published in: International journal of dermatology Vol. 45; no. 8; pp. 933 - 936
• Main Authors: Zeegelaar, Jim E, Stroienk, Aimee C, Steketee, Willemyn H, Faber, William R, van der Wal, Allard C, Komolafe, Isaac OO, Dzamalala, Charles, Chibwana, Cecilia, Wendte, Johannes F, Zijlstra, Eduard E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 01.08.2006
• Subjects: Human immunodeficiency virus
• ISSN: 0011-9059; 1365-4632
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2006.02858.x

Background: Little information is available on the incidence and etiology of chronic ulcers in the tropics. Therefore, the incidence and etiology of chronic skin ulcers were assessed in out-patients at the Department of Dermatology and in in-patients at the Departments of Dermatology, Surgery, Medicine, and Pediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Blantyre, Malawi. Method: In a 10-week study period, 44 patients (31 males, 70%) with chronic skin ulcers were diagnosed from 6292 patients seen by the departments involved. Results: The mean age of patients with ulcers was 38 years (range, 9 months to 82 years). The most frequent cause of ulcers was bacterial infection (n = 22), followed by malignancy (n = 11) and trauma (n = 7). Conclusion: In contrast with developed countries, venous and diabetic ulcers were uncommon. In addition to bacterial infections, a surprisingly large number of malignancies were found in this study. We speculate that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which is seen with a high prevalence at QECH, is a contributing factor. Because of the large number of malignancies, we recommend early histopathologic investigation of chronic ulcers in this part of Africa.