Exertional heat stroke: I -- Clinical aspects and prevention

Purpose -- To provide the medical community and anybody involved in sport management with a common medical view of what is exertional heat stroke and the way to prevent it. Actualities -- Among the physical activity-related accidents which feature a high level of core temperature, we should now dist...

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Published inScience & sports Vol. 18; no. 5; pp. 228 - 240
Main Authors Bourdon, L, Canini, F, Aubert, M, Melin, B, Koulmann, N, Saiessy, J-M, Bigard, A-X
Format Journal Article
LanguageFrench
Published 01.10.2003
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Summary:Purpose -- To provide the medical community and anybody involved in sport management with a common medical view of what is exertional heat stroke and the way to prevent it. Actualities -- Among the physical activity-related accidents which feature a high level of core temperature, we should now distinguish: - exertional heatstroke, experienced by young fit subjects during a strenuous exercise 30 to 60 min. long; - heat exhaustion which is a most common accident observed in dehydrated people after a very long exercise; - and common heat stroke which is observed in active subjects submitted to harsh ambient conditions.The important clinical variability of exertional heatstroke is partly linked to the diversity of its pathogenic mechanisms; they are discussed in the second part of this file. They allow a comprehensive description of the numerous factors able to precipitate the time course of heatstroke in external (mainly climatic), internal and circumstantial factors. Perspectives -- This guide allowing the actors involved in the treatment and the prevention of exertional heatstroke to better communicate should also help them to better anticipate the precipitating factors of heatstroke and therefore to better prevent this accident. Conclusion -- It is now possible to isolate exertional heat stroke from other types of accident observed during exercise which features a high core temperature. A comprehensive medical and operational description of exertional heatstroke is presented in this article.Original Abstract: Objectifs -- Fournir a la communaute medicale, ainsi qu'a l'ensemble des personnes impliquees dans le management du sport, un guide de reference sur les aspects medicaux et sur la prevention du coup de chaleur d'exercice. Actualites -- Parmi les accidents hyperthermiques survenant a l'occasion d'activites physiques ou sportives, il faut distinguer : - le coup de chaleur d'exercice qui touche un sujet jeune, en bonne sante, au cours d'un exercice physique tres intense de duree intermediaire ; - l'epuisement hyperthermique qui survient plus souvent chez un sujet deshydrate pendant un exercice d'intensite moderee a elevee, de longue duree ; - et enfin le coup de chaleur mixte observe par temps tres lourd au cours d'activites de la vie courante. L'importante variabilite clinique du coup de chaleur d'exercice reflete aussi la diversite des mecanismes physiopathologiques qui contribuent a son developpement. Ceux-ci, discutes dans le second article de ce dossier, aident a systematiser les nombreux facteurs favorisants de cette affection en facteurs extrinseques (conditions climatiques), intrinseques (propres a l'individu et permanents) et circonstanciels. Perspectives et projets -- Cette demarche qui permet aux differents acteurs intervenant dans ce domaine de mieux se comprendre doit aussi les aider a mieux apprehender les facteurs susceptibles de favoriser la survenue du coup de chaleur d'exercice donc de mieux prevenir cet accident. Conclusion -- le demantelement en cours de l'ensemble fourre-tout des accidents hyperthermiques survenant a l'occasion d'activites physiques ou sportives permet d'isoler le cas specifique du coup de chaleur d'exercice, decrit dans ses aspects medicaux et operationnels dans cet article.
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ISSN:0765-1597
DOI:10.1016/S0765-1597(03)00145-X