{100} arrow right {111} morphological change in KCl crystals grown from Pb super(2+)-doped aqueous solutions

• Published in: CrystEngComm Vol. 17; no. 41; pp. 7844 - 7855
• Main Authors: Pastero, L, Cossio, R, Aquilano, D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 01.01.2015
• Subjects: Aqueous solutions; Crystals; Epitaxy; Grounds; Lattices; Lead (metal); Morphology; Surface chemistry
• ISSN: 1466-8033
• DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01425e

KCl f.c.c. crystals generally exhibit a {100} habit when growing from pure aqueous solutions, a richer {100} + {111} morphology being obtained only under well-defined growth temperature and supersaturation. When increasing amounts (less than 2000 ppm) of Pb are put in a supersaturated solution, the KCl growth morphology undergoes a progressive change: {100} arrow right {100} + {111} arrow right {111}. Detailed growth patterns have been investigated by means of SEM and AFM, while EDS and XRF analyses allowed us to ascertain that Pb is not only adsorbed on the growing KCl surfaces but also selectively absorbed within the {111} growth sectors. Starting from recent and analogous findings, we tried to interpret the morphological change by means of a geometric and structural model of epitaxy between the {100} and the {111} forms of KCl and the most important forms of those compounds that could be adsorbed on them: PbCl sub(2) (cotunnite), PbCl(OH) (laurionite-paralaurionite) and KCl.PbCl sub(2) (challacolloite). Excellent lattice coincidences have been found, thus proving that the {111} KCl octahedron is largely privileged for adsorption/absorption to occur with respect to the {100} KCl cube. Based on this ground, simple kinetic considerations can be proposed to satisfactorily explain the observed morphology change.