The mesophyll anatomy enhancing CO sub(2) diffusion is a key trait for improving rice photosynthesis

• Published in: Journal of experimental botany Vol. 64; no. 4; pp. 1061 - 1072
• Main Authors: Adachi, Shunsuke, Nakae, Toru, Uchida, Masaki, Soda, Kazuya, Takai, Toshiyuki, Oi, Takao, Yamamoto, Toshio, Ookawa, Taiichiro, Miyake, Hiroshi, Yano, Masahiro, Hirasawa, Tadashi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 01.03.2013
• Subjects: Japan
• ISSN: 0022-0957; 1460-2431
• DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers382

Increases in rates of individual leaf photosynthesis (P sub(n)) are critical for future increases in yields of rice plants. Although many efforts have been made to improve rice P sub(n) with transgenic technology, the desired increases in P sub(n) have not yet been achieved. Two rice lines with extremely high values of P sub(n) were identified among the backcrossed inbred lines derived from the indica variety Takanari, one of the most productive varieties in Japan, and the elite japonica variety Koshihikari (Koshihikari/Takanari//Takanari). The P sub(n) values of the two lines at an ambient CO sub(2) concentration of 370 mu mol mol super(-1) as well as at a saturating concentration of CO sub(2) were 20-50% higher than those of the parental varieties. Compared with Takanari, these lines had neither a higher content nor a higher activity of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase when the leaf nitrogen contents were similar, but they did have high mesophyll conductance with respect to CO sub(2) flux due to their higher density and more highly developed lobes of mesophyll cells. These lines also had higher electron transport rates. The plant growth rates of these lines were higher than that of Takanari. The findings show that it is possible to increase P sub(n) significantly, both at the current atmospheric concentration of CO sub(2) and at the increased concentration of CO sub(2) expected in the future, using appropriate combinations of genetic resources that are available at present.