Onychomycosis: Multicentre epidemiological, clinical and mycological study

Background: Onychomycosis accounts for up to 50% of all nail disorders. They can be caused by: yeasts, dermatophytes and non-dermatophyte moulds. Objectives and methods: A multicentre study designed to determine the prevalence, mycological test results, aetiological agents, and clinical presentation...

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Published inRevista iberoamericana de micología Vol. 29; no. 3; pp. 157 - 163
Main Authors Relloso, S, Arechavala, A, Guelfand, L, Maldonado, I, Walker, L, Agorio, I, Reyes, S, Giusiano, G, Rojas, F, Flores, V, Capece, P, Posse, G, Nicola, F, Tutzer, S, Bianchi, M
Format Journal Article
LanguageSpanish
Published 01.07.2012
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Summary:Background: Onychomycosis accounts for up to 50% of all nail disorders. They can be caused by: yeasts, dermatophytes and non-dermatophyte moulds. Objectives and methods: A multicentre study designed to determine the prevalence, mycological test results, aetiological agents, and clinical presentation of onychomycosis was carried out. All fingernail and toenail samples taken during a one year period at 9 diagnostic centres were included. Results: A total of 5,961 samples were analysed, of which 82.3% were from toenails and 17.7% from fingernails. The mean age of the patients was 49.7 years, and 66% were females. Direct microscopic examination was positive in 61% of the samples. In adults, 61.2% of toenails were positive using potassium hydroxide (KOH), and 43.7% were positive in cultures. The prevailing aetiological agents belong to the dermatophyte group (82.8%), and distal subungual was the most common clinical form. In fingernails, direct examination showed 59.8% positive samples, and cultures were positive in 52.9%. The prevailing agents were yeasts belonging to Candida species, and onycholysis was the most common lesion. Conclusions: Direct mycological examinations were positive in 61%, a higher value than that found in other series. Dermatophytes were prevalent in toenails of both sexes, and in finger nails yeast were prevalent in females, and dermatophytes in males. Non-dermatophyte moulds corresponded to 4.8% of toenail and 2.05% of fingernails isolates.Original Abstract: Antecedentes: Las onicomicosis representan aproximadamente el 50% de las onicopatias, pueden ser causadas por dermatofitos. levaduras u hongos filamentosos no dermatofitos. Objetivos y metodologia: Se realizo un estudio multicentrico para conocer la prevalencia de onicomicosis, los agentes causales y las formas clinicas mas frecuentes. Se evaluaron todas las muestras de unas de manos y pies durante el periodo de un ano en 9 centros asistenciales. Resultados: Se procesaron 5.961 muestras, el 82,3% correspondieron a unas de pies y el 17,7% a unas de manos. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 49,7 anos y el 66% pertenecid al sexo femenino. Los examenes directos fueron positivos en el 61% de los casos. En adultos, las unas de los pies presentaron un 61,2% de resultados positivos en el examen directo, y los cultivos fueron positivos en un 43,7%. Los hongos predominances fueron ios dermatofitos (82,8%) y la forma ciinica mas frecuente fue la distal subungueal. En unas de manos la positividad del examen directo fue del 59,8% y los cultivos fueron positivos en un 52,9%; los hongos predominantes fueron de tipo levaduriforme y la forma clinica mas frecuente fue la onicolisis. Conclusiones: Se encontro un 61% de positividad en el examen directo, valor superior al de otras investigaciones. En las unas de los pies prevalecieron los dermatofitos en ambos sexos, y en unas de manos las levaduras, en el sexo femenino, y dermatofitos, en el masculino. El 4,8% de los aislamientos de unas de pies y el 2,05% de los de unas de manos fueron de hongos filamentosos no dermatofiticos.
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ISSN:1130-1406
DOI:10.1016/j.riam.2011.11.003