Chapter 1 - Mechanistic Intersections Between Picornavirus Translation and RNA Replication

Members of the Picornaviridae are positive-strand RNA viruses whose genomes contain internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) in the 5a2 noncoding region (NCR). These viruses must utilize host cell factors for translation initiation and RNA replication in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Such cytoplasmi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inAdvances in virus research Vol. 80; pp. 1 - 24
Main Authors Daijogo, Sarah, Semler, Bert L
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published 01.01.2011
Subjects
Cytoplasm
Genomes
Internal ribosome entry site
Picornaviridae
Picornavirus
Poliovirus
Replication
Replication initiation
Reviews
RNA viruses
Transcription
Translation initiation
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Summary:Members of the Picornaviridae are positive-strand RNA viruses whose genomes contain internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) in the 5a2 noncoding region (NCR). These viruses must utilize host cell factors for translation initiation and RNA replication in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Such cytoplasmic, positive-strand RNA viruses have a conflict between the processes of translation and negative-strand RNA synthesis, since they occur in opposing directions and utilize positive-strand viral RNA as a template. The most extensively studied picornavirus, poliovirus, will be the focus of this review. Critical RNA elements and factors involved in the virus replication cycle will be discussed, with an overview on how these steps in replication relate to the switch mechanism between IRES-dependent translation and synthesis of negative-strand RNA intermediates.
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ISSN:0065-3527
DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-385987-7.00001-4