Contamination of waters by pharmaceutical products: strategies for facing the problem

Human pharmaceuticals are consumed in high quantities world wide. In a sewage treatment plant (STP) many pharmaceuticals compounds do not get removed to a sufficient degree and consequently they are present in the effluents of STPs, in the surface waters and more rarely in drinking water. In this re...

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Published inRevista CENIC. Ciencias biológicas Vol. 40; no. 3; pp. 173 - 179
Main Authors Quesada Penate, I, Jauregui Haza, UJ, Wilhem, A-M, Delmas, H
Format Journal Article
LanguageSpanish
Published 01.01.2009
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Summary:Human pharmaceuticals are consumed in high quantities world wide. In a sewage treatment plant (STP) many pharmaceuticals compounds do not get removed to a sufficient degree and consequently they are present in the effluents of STPs, in the surface waters and more rarely in drinking water. In this review diverse information was gathered on fate of pharmaceutical compounds in the environment, their ecotoxicity and biodegradability. It is necessary to continue with the determination of pharmaceuticals products in waste waters; surface, underground and drinking water. This is a complex task due to huge number of pharmaceuticals and metabolites with different chemical structure and physico-chemical properties. Although there are several reports about the acute toxicity of active principles on several organisms, these data is not enough to evaluate the real impact of pharmaceuticals on the environment. It is important to address the efforts to the study of chronic toxicity and to the implementation of general standard methods, which take into account the metabolism, toxicity, concentration, biodegradability and the adsorption on activated sludge of pharmaceuticals that will give a more real idea about the ecotoxicity of pharmaceutical product.Original Abstract: Debido al amplio consumo de productos farmaceuticos en la sociedad moderna, los podemos encontrar en las aguas residuales de las industrias, de los hospitales y en los efluentes albanales. No todos los productos farmaceuticos son removidos lo suficiente con los sistemas actuales de tratamiento por lo que pueden estar presentes en los efluentes de las plantas de tratamiento, en distintos cuerpos de agua e incluso en el agua potable a muy bajas concentraciones. El articulo intenta dar una vision general de la problematica actual de la presencia de los productos farmaceuticos en el medio ambiente, su ecotoxicidad y biodegradabilidad, asi como una estrategia general para disminuir su impacto sobre el medio ambiente. Se destaca la necesidad de continuar con la determinacion de productos farmaceuticos en aguas residuales, cuerpos de agua y agua potable, tarea dificil debido al excesivo numero de farmacos y metabolitos, con diferentes estructuras quimicas y propiedades fisico quimicas. Aunque existen innumerables reportes sobre la toxicidad aguda de los medicamentos sobre distintos organismos, estos no son suficientes para determinar el impacto de los farmacos sobre el medio ambiente. Se necesita dirigir los esfuerzos al estudio de la toxicidad cronica y a la utilizacion de metodologias generales que permitan tener en cuenta los volumenes de venta, el metabolismo, la toxicidad, las concentraciones, la biodegradabilidad y la capacidad de algunos farmacos de adsorberse sobre los lodos para obtener una idea mas real de la ecotoxicidad de los medicamentos.
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ISSN:0253-5688
2221-2450