24 Hour monitoring and comparative analysis of cardiac activity peaks in pre-adolescents across sports, school, and leisure using advanced technologies: A comprehensive review of scientific literature

• Published in: Journal of Physical Education and Sport Vol. 25; no. 3; pp. 611 - 622
• Main Authors: Riccardo, Izzo, Vincenzo, Biancalana, Viviana, Pranzetti, Antonio, Cejudo, Eliano, Crudelini
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Pitesti Universitatea din Pitesti 01.03.2025
• Subjects: Academic Achievement; Accuracy; Behavior Problems; Cardiac arrhythmia; Comparative Analysis; Computer & video games; Computer Games; Elementary School Students; Exercise; Football; Heart Disorders; Heart rate; Medical Evaluation; Metabolism; National Surveys; Obesity; Overweight; Pandemics; Physiology; Screen time; Sensors; Sleep; State Surveys; Television; Time; Video Games; Wearable computers; World Problems; Italy
• ISSN: 2247-8051; 2247-806X
• DOI: 10.7752/jpes.2025.03066

Background: Limited research exists on heart rate (HR) in children, particularly regarding its maximum values (HRmax). This study aims to analyze and compare heart rate peaks in preadolescent children throughout the day to track cardiac activity and identify potential abndormalities, that may be difficult to detect in brief medical examinations. Additionally, this study considers the growing prevalence use of computer games, particulary those with conflict-based and warlike themes, which warrant careful evaluation. Early findings suggest this aspect requires further investigation (Izzo R. et al., JPES, Oct.22). Methods: The examination was conducted with 12 subjects, whose average age was 10.3 ± 1.84 years, for a week. Data was collected using a state-of-the-art wearable device, a T-shirt (K-Sport Universal, Montelabbate, PU, Italy), which had sensors in smart textile capable of detecting heartbeats with medically certified accuracy. The device was also equipped with the K-AI position detector, which integrated 4 satellite tracking systems and 3 inertial sensors. The study focused on analyzing the impact of playing video games, watching TV shows, and engaging in sports, including football matches, on heart rate. Results: The examination was conducted with 12 subjects, whose average age was 10.3 ± 1.84 years, for a week. Data was collected using a state-of-the-art wearable device, a T-shirt (K-Sport Universal, Montelabbate, PU, Italy), which had sensors in smart textile capable of detecting heartbeats with medically certified accuracy. The device was also equipped with the K-AI position detector, which integrated 4 satellite tracking systems and 3 inertial sensors. Conclusions: The results suggest that heart rate performance of kids during everyday activities may have been underestimated previously and, therefore, it would be useful to conduct a deeper investigation of the values described above to determine the boundary between less regular trends. This could help provide preventive and health-related information on the daily use of video games, highlighting alert moments such as during school activities.