Approaches for excessive gingival display (gummy smile) treatment

Objective. Gummy smile is considered non-pathological, but inaesthetic. Treatment methods are chosen on etiology and patient preferences criteria. Patients tend to opt for quicker, less invasive treatments, so this review aimed to summarize recent literature on gummy smile treatment methods, excepti...

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Published inHuman & veterinary medicine Vol. 16; no. 1; pp. 5 - 16
Main Authors Condor, Ana-Maria, Cîmpean, Claudia-Sara, Kope, Florentina, Paraschiv, Ana M, Lucaciu, Patricia-Ondine, Kui, Andreea I, Negucioiu, Marius, Condor, Daniela C, Buduru, Smaranda D, Tig, Ioan A
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cluj-Napoca Bioflux SRL 01.01.2024
Subjects
Botulinum toxin
Botulinum toxin type A
Gingiva
Hyaluronic acid
Intervention
Orthodontics
Patient satisfaction
Patients
Population studies
Software
Surgery
Systematic review
Teeth
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Summary:Objective. Gummy smile is considered non-pathological, but inaesthetic. Treatment methods are chosen on etiology and patient preferences criteria. Patients tend to opt for quicker, less invasive treatments, so this review aimed to summarize recent literature on gummy smile treatment methods, excepting orthognathic surgery or orthodontics. Materials and methods. Three databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Search development, process, and the two-step article selection were conducted by independent researchers. Data was extracted regarding study characteristics, population and excessive gingival exposure before and after treatment. This information was subsequently summarized. Results. Out of 544 results, 51 were selected for reviewing. The studies were classified according to treatment methods: botulinum toxin A injections, surgical lip repositioning, crown lengthening, hyaluronic acid injections, gingivectomy and others. The particularities, advantages and disadvantages of each treatment were discussed. Conclusions. The recent literature reveals a growing interest in quick, less-invasive surgical methods or minimally invasive non-surgical methods in treating gummy smile. Further longitudinal studies could provide data for predictable outcomes, increasing availability and optimizing treatment strategies for excessive gingival display.
ISSN:2066-7655
2066-7663