1289-P: Longitudinal Cohort Study-Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Genetic CAD Risk Interaction on Cardiovascular Factors

• Published in: Diabetes (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 73; p. 1
• Main Authors: Shankar, Anand, Guha, Shaibal, Das, Amit K, Kumar, Subhash, Sinha, Ajay K
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York American Diabetes Association 01.06.2024
• Subjects: Blood pressure; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Coronary artery disease; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Heart diseases; Low density lipoprotein; Precision medicine; Prevention; Risk factors
• ISSN: 0012-1797; 1939-327X
• DOI: 10.2337/db24-1289-P

Introduction: Understanding the interaction between lifestyle interventions for Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) prevention and genetic predispositions to Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is crucial in developing personalized strategies for reducing cardiovascular risk. This study aims to investigate how T2D prevention strategies interact with genetic determinants of CAD to influence cardiovascular risk factors over time. Methods: A cohort of 200 high-risk individuals for T2D and CAD were followed over three years. They were categorized by genetic risk for CAD and underwent T2D prevention strategies (diet, exercise, medication). Cardiovascular risk factors were measured biannually. The study used mixed-effects models to analyze the influence of T2D prevention strategies on these factors, considering genetic CAD risk. Results: Individuals with higher genetic CAD risk had smaller improvements in lipid profiles (mean LDL reduction of 10 vs. 20 mg/dL, p<0.01) and blood pressure (5 vs. 12 mmHg reduction, p<0.05) under the same T2D prevention strategies as those with lower risk. Notably, LDL changes showed a significant interaction with genetic risk (p<0.05), indicating that genetic predisposition might moderate T2D prevention's effectiveness in reducing cardiovascular risk. Conclusion: The study reveals a complex relationship between T2D prevention, CAD genetics, and cardiovascular risks, advocating for intensified, personalized T2D strategies for those with high genetic CAD risk. It emphasizes precision medicine's role in T2D and CAD management, urging further research for tailored solutions.