Observations of microlensed images with dual-field interferometry: on-sky demonstration and prospects

• Published in: arXiv.org
• Main Authors: Mroz, P, Dong, S, Merand, A, Shangguan, J, Woillez, J, Gould, A, Udalski, A, Eisenhauer, F, Y -H Ryu, Z Wu, Liu, Z, Yang, H, Bourdarot, G, Defrere, D, Drescher, A, Fabricius, M, Garcia, P, Genzel, R, Gillessen, S, Honig, S F, Kreidberg, L, J -B Le Bouquin, Lutz, D, Millour, F, Ott, T, Paumard, T, Sauter, J, Shimizu, T T, Straubmeier, C, Subroweit, M, Widmann, F, Szymanski, M K, Soszynski, I, Pietrukowicz, P, Kozlowski, S, Poleski, R, Skowron, J, Ulaczyk, K, Gromadzki, M, Rybicki, K, Iwanek, P, Wrona, M, Mroz, M J, Albrow, M D, S -J Chung, Han, C, K -H Hwang, Jung, Y K, I -G Shin, Shvartzvald, Y, Yee, J C, Zang, W, S -M Cha, D -J Kim, S -L Kim, C -U Lee, D -J Lee, Lee, Y, B -G Park, Pogge, R W
• Format: Paper
• Language: English
• Published: Ithaca Cornell University Library, arXiv.org 18.09.2024
• Subjects: Black holes; Distance measurement; Interferometry; Lenses; Light curve; Microlenses; Neutron stars; Neutrons; Parallax; Target detection
• ISSN: 2331-8422

Interferometric observations of gravitational microlensing events offer an opportunity for precise, efficient, and direct mass and distance measurements of lensing objects, especially those of isolated neutron stars and black holes. However, such observations were previously possible for only a handful of extremely bright events. The recent development of a dual-field interferometer, GRAVITY Wide, has made it possible to reach out to significantly fainter objects, and increase the pool of microlensing events amenable to interferometric observations by two orders of magnitude. Here, we present the first successful observation of a microlensing event with GRAVITY Wide and the resolution of microlensed images in the event OGLE-2023-BLG-0061/KMT-2023-BLG-0496. We measure the angular Einstein radius of the lens with a sub-percent precision, \(\theta_{\rm E} = 1.280 \pm 0.009\) mas. Combined with the microlensing parallax detected from the event light curve, the mass and distance to the lens are found to be \(0.472 \pm 0.012 M_{\odot}\) and \(1.81 \pm 0.05\) kpc, respectively. We present the procedure for the selection of targets for interferometric observations, and discuss possible systematic effects affecting GRAVITY Wide data. This detection demonstrates the capabilities of the new instrument and it opens up completely new possibilities for the follow-up of microlensing events, and future routine discoveries of isolated neutron stars and black holes.