607-P: Associations of Gut Microbiome with Glycemic Control in a Carbohydrate-Restricted, High-Protein Diet for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

• Published in: Diabetes (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 73; p. 1
• Main Authors: Hoops, Susan L, Knights, Dan, Bantle, Anne
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York American Diabetes Association 01.06.2024
• Subjects: Carbohydrates; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diet; Feces; Hemoglobin; High carbohydrate diet; High protein diet; Intestinal microflora; Low carbohydrate diet; Low protein diet; Metformin; Microbiomes; Nutrient deficiency; Proteins
• ISSN: 0012-1797; 1939-327X
• DOI: 10.2337/db24-607-P

Objective: The Low Biologically Available Glucose (LoBAG) diet was designed to improve glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). We evaluate changes in the gut microbiome when participants with T2D are given the LoBAG diet. Methods: Thirty-six participants with T2D taking metformin or no glucose-lowering medication were enrolled in a 12-week randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to the LoBAG diet (30% low-starch carbohydrate, 30% protein, 40% fat) or a control diet (50% carbohydrate, 15% protein, 35% fat). Fecal samples were collected at weeks 0, 6, and 12 along with the primary outcome, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Results: Diet groups were significantly distinct in terms of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity in weeks 6 and 12 following the dietary intervention (p<0.001, PERMANOVA), indicating shifts in the microbiome profile following the diet intervention. In particular, abundance of Firmicutes was lower in the LoBAG diet group (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.001). The primary outcome, HbA1c, was significantly more reduced in the LoBAG diet group (t-test, p=0.04, week 12 - baseline) following dietary intervention. Conclusions: Participants with T2D consuming the LoBAG diet had greater reduction in HbA1c over 12 weeks than those consuming a control diet. This difference was also associated with shifts in the gut microbiome, but further studies are needed to explore a relationship between HbA1c and the gut microbiome.