NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF BIXIN ISOLATED FROM BIXA ORELLANA LINN. ON MONOSODIUM GLUTMATE INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN RATS

• Published in: NeuroQuantology Vol. 22; no. 1; p. 108
• Main Authors: Syed Mansoor Ahamed, Nandeesh, R, Shravan, Narasimha K, Veerapur, Veeresh P, Manjunatha, E, Sumana, T
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bornova Izmir NeuroQuantology 01.01.2024
• Subjects: Amino acids; Animals; Antioxidants; Central nervous system; Glutamic acid; Histology; Neurotoxicity; Receptors; Restaurants; Sodium glutamate; Sodium salts
• ISSN: 1303-5150
• DOI: 10.48047/nq.2024.22.1.NQ24012

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the sodium salt of glutamic acid, one of the most abundant naturally occurring non-essential amino acids. Which is encoded as E621, it is widely used as a flavoring agent in food industry as well as at homes and restaurants. It elicits a taste. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified MSG as a food ingredient that's "generally recognized as safe," but its use remains controversial. MSG acts through the activation of both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR and mGluR) found in the central nervous system (CNS). Hyperactivation of these receptors has been reported to produce excitotoxicity and neuronal death. Isolated Bixin from Bixia orellana linn. has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Hence, this present study has been designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of bixin on MSG-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Adult Wistar rats were administered systemically for 7 days with MSG and after one hr of MSG injection, rats were treated with bixin (2.5 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg) orally. At the end of the treatment period, animals were assessed for locomotor activity, rota-rod, hanging wire test and balance beam walk test then they were sacrificed, brains were isolated for estimation of LPO, GSH, CAT, TT, Tissue AchE and histopathological studies. MSG caused a significant alteration in animal behavior, oxidative defense (raised levels of LPO, depletion of antioxidant levels) and hippocampal neuronal histology. Treatment with bixin significantly attenuated behavioral alterations, oxidative stress, and hippocampal damage then in MSG alone treated animals. Hence, this study signifies that bixin protects against MSG-induced neurotoxicity in rats. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of bixin may be responsible for its observed neuroprotective action.