Modeling Variable Linear Polarization Produced by Co-Rotating Interaction Regions (CIRs) Across Optical Recombination Lines of Wolf-Rayet Stars

• Published in: arXiv.org
• Main Authors: Ignace, R, Bjorkman, J E, A-N Chene, Erba, C, Fabiani, L, Moffat, A F J, Sincennes, R, St-Louis, N
• Format: Paper
• Language: English
• Published: Ithaca Cornell University Library, arXiv.org 19.09.2023
• Subjects: Clumps; Limb darkening; Linear polarization; Massive stars; Photosphere; Radiative transfer; Stellar rotation; Wind; Wolf-Rayet stars
• ISSN: 2331-8422

Massive star winds are structured both stochastically ("clumps") and often coherently (Co-rotation Interaction Regions, or CIRs). Evidence for CIRs threading the winds of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars arises from multiple diagnostics including linear polarimetry. Some observations indicate changes in polarization position angle across optical recombination emission lines from a WR star wind but limited to blueshifted Doppler velocities. We explore a model involving a spherical wind with a single conical CIR stemming from a rotating star as qualitative proof-of-concept. To obtain a realistic distribution of limb polarization and limb darkening across the pseudo-photosphere formed in the optically thick wind of a WR star, we used Monte Carlo radiative transfer (MCRT). Results are shown for a parameter study. For line properties similar to WR 6 (EZ CMa; HD 50896), the combination of the MCRT results, a simple model for the CIR, and the Sobolev approximation for the line formation, we were able to reproduce variations in both polarization amplitude and position angle commensurate with observations. Characterizing CIRs in WR~winds has added importance for providing stellar rotation periods since the v sin i values are unobtainable because the pseudo-photosphere forms in the wind itself.