A pre-emphasis based on the gradient system transfer function reduces steady-state disruptions in bSSFP imaging caused by residual gradients

Purpose: To examine whether an advanced gradient pre-emphasis approach based on the gradient system transfer function (GSTF) can mitigate artifacts caused by residual unbalanced gradients in Cartesian balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) imaging with non-linear line-ordering. Theory and Met...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inarXiv.org
Main Authors Scholten, Hannah, Köstler, Herbert, Slawig, Anne
Format Paper
LanguageEnglish
Published Ithaca Cornell University Library, arXiv.org 04.07.2023
Subjects
Cartesian coordinates
Coding
Imaging
Steady state
Transfer functions
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Summary:Purpose: To examine whether an advanced gradient pre-emphasis approach based on the gradient system transfer function (GSTF) can mitigate artifacts caused by residual unbalanced gradients in Cartesian balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) imaging with non-linear line-ordering. Theory and Methods: We implemented a gradient pre-emphasis based on the GSTF for bSSFP sequences with linear, centric and quasi-random ordering of the phase-encoding steps. Signal-, noise- and artifact levels were determined in phantom experiments. Furthermore, we simulated the phase accumulating in every TR interval of a Cartesian bSSFP sequence for the three different line-ordering schemes. Results: The simulations showed that the phase contribution arising from residual unbalanced phase-encoding gradients are the principal cause of steady-state disruptions in our sequence. In the phantom experiments, the GSTF-based gradient pre-emphasis approach reduced the artifact level in bSSFP images with non-linear line-ordering considerably. Compared to the linearly ordered measurement, the relative artifact intensity difference dropped by up to 89 %. Conclusion: A GSTF-based pre-emphasis approach can successfully mitigate residual unbalanced gradient artifacts in bSSFP imaging with non-linear line-ordering.
ISSN:2331-8422