ADVANCES IN PLANT AND ANIMAL GENETIC IMPROVEMENT USING THE CRISPR-CAS 9 TECHNIQUE

CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing systems have started a biotechnological revolution in different fields ranging from medicine to plant and animal breeding. They are being used extensively due to their simplicity, low cost and versatility, however, there are restrictions regarding the negative effects of the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inBAG. Journal of basic and applied genetics Vol. 32; p. 214
Main Authors Kandus, MV, Lima, NS, Plá, F González, Farina, JJ Michel, Gomar, D Almorza, Oliveira, A Prada, Salerno, JC
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Spanish
Published Buenos Aires Sociedad Argentina de Genetica 01.10.2021
Subjects
Abiotic factors
Animal breeding
Animal models
Animal welfare
Biotic factors
Corn
CRISPR
Herbicide resistance
Herbicides
Medicinal plants
Nutrient deficiency
Nutritive value
Pest resistance
Plant breeding
Public health
Rice
Toxicity
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Summary:CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing systems have started a biotechnological revolution in different fields ranging from medicine to plant and animal breeding. They are being used extensively due to their simplicity, low cost and versatility, however, there are restrictions regarding the negative effects of the technique (such as "off targets"), and the ignorance of the complex relationships between genes and environment. In relation to plant improvement, advances were obtained in yield (rice, wheat), in quality and nutritional value (rice, corn, wheat, soybeans, bastard sesame, rapeseed, lettuce, tomato, potato, cassava), resistance to biotic factors (wheat, tomato, rice, cucumber, cotton, tobacco, Citrus sp.), resistance to abiotic factors: water deficit (rice, corn), soil toxicity, nutritional deficiencies (rice) and, resistance to herbicides (soybean, corn, wheat, rice, watermelon, flax and cassava). In addition, male-sterile (rice and wheat), haploid (corn and rice), self-compatible (potato) and short-cycle (rice) plants were obtained. In animal improvement, advances include the improvement of productive and quality traits (sheep, goats, pigs, cattle), greater resistance and speed in equines, resistance to diseases (pigs, cattle), the improvement of animal welfare and the control of pest species (genetic drive). Other applications include the use of animal models to study human diseases. The bibliographic review carried out provides an idea of the ethical, social, political, environmental, biosafety and public health aspects that must be taken into account for the application of this technology, setting a future challenge that requires a multidisciplinary approach.
ISSN:1666-0390
1852-6233