Caractérisation des accessions de 4 espèces de légumes-feuilles traditionnels (Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Vigna unguiculata L. WALP, Amaranthus L. spp et Moringa oleifera LAM au Sénegal)

• Published in: African journal of food, agriculture, nutrition, and development : AJFAND Vol. 7; no. 3; p. np
• Main Authors: Diouf, Meïssa, Mbengue, Ndèye Bouba, Kante, Aminata
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: French
• Published: Nairobi Rural Outreach Program 01.01.2007
• Subjects: Genetically modified crops; Science and Technology; Statistical Data; Studies; Vegetables
• ISSN: 1684-5358; 1684-5374

The modernization of agriculture characterized by the abandonment of traditional varieties for the benefit of new, more homogeneous varieties with high potential yield has led to the reduction of genetic diversity. The collection and characterization of the diversity of local ecotypes has thus become a necessity. This is how 64 accessions collected at the time of our 3 collection missions and 18 accessions from the genetic bank of the Center for Horticultural Development (CDH) became the object of characterization at the research station of the ISRA-CDH. The material was composed of 48 accessions of bissap (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), 19 of niébé (Vigna unguiculata (L.) WALP), 9 of amarante (Amaranthus (L.) spp) and 6 accessions of nébéday (Moringa oleifera Lam). A completely aleatory dispositive in simple volumes without repetition was put into place. The keys of characterization of the 4 species or an adapated version were used. This characterization provided evidence not only of the interspecies diversity of each of the 4 species but equally of the movement of the semences (or genes) across attainable distances of 800km, and this on the basis of variable studies. One notes on average that 35% of the collected accessions are composed of doubles. The analysis of the specific diversity of accessions in the localities visited reveal that 57% of them are under a great threat of genetic erosion. This agro-morphological characterization should be completed by more in-depth studies, notably on the biochemical and molecular scale, in order to invalidate or confirm our results. The utilization of a more important number of accessions of different species and other methods of characterization may contribute to the establishment of core collection, which remains the best strategy of germoplasmic conservation.