Caractéristiques botaniques et phytochimique de Chrozophora brocchiana Vis. (Euphorbiaceae) : Une plante médicinale utilisée dans le traitement des diarrhées au Niger

• Published in: International journal of innovation and applied studies Vol. 29; no. 4; pp. 926 - 935
• Main Authors: Mamadou, A J, Djima, T, Douma, S, Inoussa, M M, Mahamane, A, Saadou, M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: French
• Published: Rabat International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies 01.07.2020
• Subjects: Adaptation; Ashes; Calcium; Chemical reactions; Color; Dry season; Epidermis; Hydrochloric acid; Massifs; Metabolites; Microorganisms; Moisture content; Pharmacology; Silicon dioxide; Smell; Tannins; Niger
• ISSN: 2028-9324

This work aims to describe the botanical and phytochemical characteristics of Chrozophora brocchiana (Vis.) Schweinf (Euphorbiaceae), a plant used to prepare traditional remedies for the treatment of diarrhea in children. The methodology is based on a macroscopic description of the fresh drug followed by a microscopic description, the estimate of the water content and total ash content in the dry drug, and then the characterization reactions of the large chemical groups in the water extract obtained from the sprayed dry drug. C. brocchiana is a perennial perennial herbaceous plant, greyish green and whitish in colour during the dry season when hairs are longer and denser. The powder of the dry drug is cottony to the touch, with no flavor or smell characteristic of fresh butter color, code #FFF48D. The conductive beams of the leaf at the main rib are arranged in an arc next to a massif. The limb has a bifacial heterogeneous mesophile. The epidermis has many tecting hairs, usually starry or dendritic, longer and denser during the dry season a mark of adaptation of this plant to drought. The wooden vessels are in radial lines interspersed with woody parenchyme. Micrography highlights isolated or grouped single-celled tctory hairs, rounded to oval starch grains, and calcium oxalate crystals. The dry drug C. brocchiana can be stored without risk of degradation by the development of microorganisms (humidity rate: 9.1-0.75%). The drug is not rich in minerals (total ash rate: 9.67-0.76%) but contains a high amount of silica (insoluble ash levels in hydrochloric acid: 3.2-0.1%). The groups of secondary metabolites identified in the sample that could justify the use as an antidiarrheal of C. brocchiana are tannins by their astringent and antiseptic properties, the dares having the ability to retain large amounts of water. Further botanical, phytochemistry and pharmacological activity studies would be needed to explain the traditional use of C. brocchiana as an antidiarrheal in children.