Flowback Test Analyses at the Utah Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) Site

• Published in: Rock mechanics and rock engineering Vol. 55; no. 5
• Main Authors: Xing, Pengju, Damjanac, Branko, Moore, Joseph, McLennan, John
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Springer 18.09.2021
• Subjects: Engineering; Geology
• ISSN: 0723-2632; 1434-453X

Abstract In 2017 and 2019, injection testing was carried out in three zones in a vertical well in granite at the Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy site near Milford, Utah, USA. In several injection cycles, flowback was implemented rather than shut-in. The goal was to explore an alternative to prolonged shut-in periods for inferring closure stress, formation compressibility, and formation permeability (permeability thickness product). The flowback procedures involved a cyclic flowback/shut-in, while pressure decreased. The flowback data are presented, and analyses are shown. The inferred closure stress(es) from flowback analyses are lower than for equivalent injection cycles that were strictly shut-in. Relatively high formation compressibility obtained from the flowback analyses indicates an extensive, fractured system. This study also includes numerical simulation of the flowback events. The numerical model shows that the rebound pressure is not necessarily the lower bound of the minimum principal stress. The signature of stiffness change can be identified as the process when the depletion mainly transitions from hydraulic fracture to natural fractures from numerical analysis. Overall, flowback potentially has advantages over shut-in because of the reduced time to closure.