Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) and Candidate Genes for Cadmium Tolerance in Populus

• Published in: Tree physiology Vol. 32; no. 5
• Main Authors: Induri, Brahma R, Ellis, Danielle R, Slavov, Gancho, Yin, Tongming, Muchero, Wellington, Tuskan, Gerald A, DiFazio, Stephen P
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.01.2012
• Subjects: 60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES; ARABIDOPSIS; BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; CADMIUM; FUNCTIONALS; GENES; GENETICS; GLUTATHIONE; HEAVY METALS; PEROXIDASES; PROTEINS; TOLERANCE
• ISSN: 0829-318X; 1758-4469
• DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tps032

Knowledge of genetic variation in response of Populus to heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) is an important step in understanding the underlying mechanisms of tolerance. In this study, a pseudo-backcross pedigree of Populus trichocarpa and Populus deltoides was characterized for Cd exposure. The pedigree showed significant variation for Cd tolerance thus enabling the identification of relatively tolerant and susceptible genotypes for intensive characterization. A total of 16 QTLs at logarithm of odds (LOD) ratio > 2.5, were found to be associated with total dry weight, its components, and root volume. Four major QTLs for total dry weight were mapped to different linkage groups in control (LG III) and Cd conditions (LG XVI) and had opposite allelic effects on Cd tolerance, suggesting that these genomic regions were differentially controlled. The phenotypic variation explained by Cd QTL for all traits under study varied from 5.9% to 11.6% and averaged 8.2% across all QTL. Leaf Cd contents also showed significant variation suggesting the phytoextraction potential of Populus genotypes, though heritability of this trait was low (0.22). A whole-genome microarray study was conducted by using two genotypes with extreme responses for Cd tolerance in the above study and differentially expressed genes were identified. Candidate genes including CAD2 (CADMIUM SENSITIVE 2), HMA5 (HEAVY METAL ATPase5), ATGTST1 (Arabidopsis thaliana Glutathione S-Transferase1), ATGPX6 (Glutathione peroxidase 6), and ATMRP 14 (Arabidopsis thaliana Multidrug Resistance associated Protein 14) were identified from QTL intervals and microarray study. Functional characterization of these candidate genes could enhance phytoremediation capabilities of Populus.