现代汉语处所词的格分析

• Published in: 중국연구, 82(0) pp. 119 - 135
• Main Authors: 황후남, 손영걸
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Chinese
• Published: 중국연구소 01.03.2020
• Subjects: 중국어와문학
• ISSN: 1225-8695; 2713-5950
• DOI: 10.18077/chss.2020.82..007

与一般名词不同，处所词与动词搭配时存在着限制条件，当动词表示移位时，其后面只能出现处所词；当动词不表示移位时，其后面不能出现处所词；当处所词只表示机关或团体时不能位于“去”的宾语位置。 本文研究的范围是“V+处所词”结构的处所词和存现句主语位置的处所词。这些处所词不同于一般名词，不能充当“被”字句的主语，也不能充当非作格动词的宾语和致使类动词的宾语。每个名词性短语必须有一个格，那么这些处所词从何获得格，又获得什么格位？ 本文认为“V+处所词”结构的处所词不是谓语动词的宾语，而是从表示目的论元的隐性轻动词获得处所语义和与格；存现句主语位置的处所词也不是主语，而是从表示目的论元的隐性轻动词获得处所语义和与格，进而在轻动词赋予的历事题元角色的基础上获得主格。最后建议不要把处所词归属于名词范畴里，应在体词内另立门户。 Different from common nouns, there are restrictions in the collocation of locative words and verbs. When a verb represents a movement, it can only be followed by locative words; when a verb does not represent a movement, it cannot be followed by locative words; when a locative word only represents an institution or a group, it cannot be located in the object position of the verb representing a movement. This paper studies the locative words in the structure of "V + locative words" and the locative words in the subject position of existential sentences. These locative words are different from common nouns, and they cannot be used as the subject of Bei-sente