Faith Community Nursing as Holistic Care in the Community

• Published in: 文化看護学会誌 Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 1_11 - 1_21
• Main Author: Noguchi Keiko
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Japanese
• Published: 文化看護学会 31.05.2023; Society of Cultural Nursing Studies
• Subjects: community nursing; holistic care; religious community; social capital; spiritual care; スピリチュアルケア; ソーシャルキャピタル; 全人的ケア; 地域看護; 宗教共同体
• ISSN: 1883-8774; 2433-4308
• DOI: 10.24658/bunkakango.15.1_1_11

Japan has become a super-aging society, many people are suffering from aging, high mortality, cancer, etc. The need for spiritual care, as well as physical care, is increasing among people living in the community. In the United States, churches in communities provide care services through their nurses. This is called Faith Community Nursing (FCN) which focuses on spiritual care activities. This paper aims to explore the characteristics and the possibility of FCN in Japan, by focusing on the following points as study objectives:1) What kind of care is provided by Faith Community Nurses (FCNs)?2) What kind of care is provided by the faith community in FCN? MethodsA literature study was conducted: Faith Community Nurse(ing) and Parish Nurse(ing) were searched from CINAHL using the keywords “Faith Community Nurse(ing)” and “Parish Nurse(ing)”. ResultsA total of 16 and 15 articles were found for “Faith Community Nurse(ing)” and “Parish Nurse(ing),” respectively. Duplicate articles were eliminated and 16 articles that were appropriate for the study purpose were analyzed. The following categories were extracted:Objective 1) [observation] and [provision of health education], [emotional support/spiritual care], [long-term care], [listening/care of presence], [congregational worship support], [prayer], and [scriptural and ministerial care].Objective 2) [fellowship with human resources], [ Care in collaboration with volunteers], and [reciprocal and mutually beneficial care with the community].DiscussionThe characteristics of care for FCNs were “care that goes beyond physical care and is more conscious of emotions and spirituality,” and “cuddly spiritual care using religious resources”. The characteristics of care for the community were titled “connecting people and social resources” and “complementing the institutional framework. As for the possibilities in Japan, it was suggested that this could complete holistic care, although it is necessary to be careful about the outpouring of religious care. 目　　的 わが国は超高齢社会を迎え，多死，二人に一人ががん罹患など生老病死と日常的に向き合うことが増えてきたために，地域に暮らす人々に身体的ケアだけでなくスピリチュアルケアに対するニーズが増加してきている。スピリチュアルケアを活動の中心にしたFaith Community Nursing（FCN）という地域にある教会の看護師による看護活動が米国にある。FCNは，日本でも，地域社会に貢献できるのか，その可能性を探求する。そのために，１）Faith Community Nurse（FCNs）が実施するケア内容，２）FCNの活動内で信仰共同体が実施しているケア内容を文献から調査し，その上で，FCNの特徴と日本でのFCNの可能性を考察する。方　　法文献研究を実施した。CINAHLより，Faith Community Nurse（ing），Parish Nurse（ing）をキーワードとして検索した。 結　　果それぞれ16件と15件の記事が検索された。重複する文献を省き，研究目的にあった16件を分析対象とした。目的１）では，【観察】【健康教育の提供】【感情のサポート・スピリチュアルケア】【Long-term care】【傾聴／プレゼンスというケア】【信徒の礼拝サポート】【祈り】【聖典や聖職者によるケア】という８つ，目的２）では，【人的資源との交わり】【ボランティアと協働したケア】【地域との互酬性・互恵性のあるケア】の３つのカテゴリーが抽出された。考　　察FCNsのケアの特徴は，「身体的なケアに留まらない，感情やスピリチュアリティをより意識したケア」「宗教的資源を活用した寄り添い型のスピリチュアルケア」，共同体のケアの特徴としては，「社会資源と人とのつなぎ」「制度的枠組みの補完」というタイトルが挙げられた。日本での可能性としては，宗教的ケアの発露に気を付ける必要があるが，全人的ケアを補完する可能性が示唆された。