A New Triterpenoid from Panax ginseng Exhibits Cytotoxicity through p53 and the Caspase Signaling Pathway in the HepG2 Cell Line

• Published in: Archives of pharmacal research Vol. 31; no. 3; pp. 323 - 329
• Main Authors: Huang, Jian, Tang, Xiao-Hui, Ikejima, Takashi, Sun, Xiu-Jia, Wang, Xiao-Bo, Xi, Rong-Gang, Wu, Li-Jun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Korean
• Published: 2008
• Subjects: Triterpenoid; Cell cycle; HepG2; Caspase; Cytotoxicity; Panax ginseng; p53
• ISSN: 0253-6269; 1976-3786

A new triterpenoid, 20(R),22$({\zeta})$,24(S)-dammar-25(26)-ene-$3{\beta},6{\alpha},12{\beta}$,20,22,24-hexanol (1), and three known triterpenoids, ${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside,($3{\beta},12{\beta}$)-12,20-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl,6-acetate (2), 20(R)-ginsenoside $Rg_3$ (3), and 20(R)-ginsenoside $Rg_2$ (4), were isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng. Their structures were determined by chemical analysis and spectral methods (IR, 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS). Compounds 1-4 were exhibited various degrees of cytotoxicity in the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2. Compound 1 had the highest cytotoxic Potency, with an $IC_{50}$ value of 20.1 ${\mu}M$, by stimulating p53-mediated cell cycle arrest at the G1 to S phase transition, leading to apoptosis via activation of the caspase signaling pathway.