A Syntactic Approach to Extraction out of English Do So Anaphor

• Published in: 언어와 정보 사회 Vol. 33; pp. 31 - 62
• Main Author: Jong Un Park
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Korean
• Published: 서강대학교 언어정보연구소 31.03.2018
• Subjects: deep anaphora; Do So anaphor; Do So 조응사; extraction; surface anaphora; 심층조응; 적출; 표층조응
• ISSN: 1598-1886

This paper aims to provide a syntactic account for why do so anaphor in English always prohibits A'-extraction but permits A-extraction in limited cases. According to Hankamer and Sag’s (1976) taxonomy, English do so belongs to surface anaphora, not deep anaphora, the former of which is featured as having an internal structure. Their classification leads us to predict that both A- and A'-extraction should be allowed out of do so. However, this prediction does not seem to be borne out, and the do so in fact has mixed properties：While A'-extraction is strictly prohibited (Bouton 1969), A-extraction is restrictively allowed, particularly with unaccusatives (Huddleston and Pullum 2002; Hauser 2010). Recently, do so has also been shown to permit A-extraction even with passive if the surface subjects are identical (Bruening 2016). Against this backdrop, maintaining the view that do so has internal structure, we offer a syntactic account of how the mixed properties of do so regarding extraction can be accommodated under H&S’s dichotomy. To capture A-extraction with unaccusatives and the ban on A'-extraction out of English do so anaphor, we present an analysis adapting Baltin’s (2012) deletion analysis of British English do anaphor. For the limited case of A-extraction with passive, we appeal to Bruening’s (2016) Direct Merger approach to VP anaphora combined with Lebeaux’s (1988) Late Merger analysis of relative clauses.