Micropropagation of Vachellia spp. as an alternative for the reforestation of desert areas in Mexico/Micropropagacion de Vachellia spp. como una alternativa para la reforestacion de zonas deserticas en Mexico

The irrational exploitation of native species of arid and semi-arid areas of Mexico, in particular the huizache (Vachellia spp.), created the need to carry out research work that contributes to the reforestation of these areas. Vachellia spp. pods have been characterized by their nutritional value a...

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Published inCultivos tropicales Vol. 44; no. 2; p. 1
Main Authors Urias-Garcia, Crescencio, Perez-Alvarez, Sandra, Escobedo-Bonilla, Cesar Marcial, Gonzalez-Vega, Maria Esther, Flores-Cordoba, Maria Antonia, Guerrero-Morales, Sergio, Palacios-Monarrez, Abdon
Format Journal Article
LanguageSpanish
Published Editorial Universitaria de la Republica de Cuba 01.04.2023
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Summary:The irrational exploitation of native species of arid and semi-arid areas of Mexico, in particular the huizache (Vachellia spp.), created the need to carry out research work that contributes to the reforestation of these areas. Vachellia spp. pods have been characterized by their nutritional value and use in ruminants, in addition to the fact that generally the seeds present germination problems under natural conditions, due to their hard and impermeable cover that prevents the passage of water. This is a problem that can be solved through the use of micropropagation. This technology has made it possible to obtain thousands of disease-free seedlings with characteristics identical to the plant that gave them origin, and so far there is no extensive research on the subject that includes diversity of species of the genus Vachellia L., some of the few examples are the case of the efficient induction of callus of the species Vachellia macracantha, induction of shoots and multiplication of Acacia auriculiformis, in vitro propagation of Acacia chundra and the hybrid Acacia mangium and A. mangium * A. auriculiformis hybrids, among other methodologies. Scarification methods (physical, chemical and mechanical) interrupt the dormancy of the seeds and by placing them in a suitable culture medium (macro and micronutrients, sucrose, growth regulators), large productions have been obtained in a short time. The aim of this Bibliographic Review was to compile the most relevant results on plant tissue culture in species of the genus Vachellia L. Key words: biotechnology, plant tissue culture, arid and semi-arid zones. La explotacion irracional de especies nativas de zonas aridas y semiaridas de Mexico, en particular el huizache (Vachellia spp.), creo la necesidad de realizar trabajos de investigacion que contribuyan a la reforestacion de dichas zonas. Las vainas de Vachellia spp. se han caracterizado por su valor nutricional y uso en rumiantes; ademas, generalmente las semillas presentan problemas de germinacion en condiciones naturales, debido a su cubierta dura e impermeable que impide el paso del aguA. Esto es una problematica que se puede solventar a traves del uso de la micropropagacion. Esta tecnologia ha permitido la obtencion de miles de plantulas libres de enfermedades y con caracteristicas identicas a la planta que les dio origen y, hasta el momento, no existe una amplia investigacion en la tematica que incluya diversidad de especies del genero Vachellia L.; alguno de los pocos ejemplos es el caso de la induccion eficiente de callos de la especie Vachellia macracantha, induccion de brotes y multiplicacion de Acacia auriculiformis, propagacion in vitro de Acacia chundra y del hibrido Acacia mangium y A. mangium * A. auriculiformis hybrids, entre otras metodologias. Los metodos de escarificacion (fisica, quimica y mecanica) interrumpen la dormancia de las semillas y al colocarlas en un medio de cultivo adecuado (macro y micronutrientes, sacarosa, reguladores del crecimiento) se han obtenido grandes producciones en corto tiempo. El objetivo de esta Resena bibliografica fue recopilar los resultados mas relevantes sobre el cultivo de tejidos vegetales en especies del genero Vachellia L. Palabras clave: biotecnologia, cultivo de tejidos, especies nativas.
ISSN:0258-5936