Net Ecosystem CO[sub.2] Exchange in Mountain Grasslands Is Seriously Endangered by the Temperature Increase in the Eastern Pyrenees

• Published in: Atmosphere Vol. 13; no. 12
• Main Authors: Ibañez, Mercedes, Sebastià, Maria Teresa
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 01.11.2022
• Subjects: Carbon dioxide; Environmental aspects; Global warming; Grasslands; Spain
• ISSN: 2073-4433; 2073-4433
• DOI: 10.3390/atmos13121980

Mediterranean mountain grasslands, including the Pyrenees, are highly vulnerable to climate change, due to the increasing temperatures and heat weaves frequency, among other factors. However, the effects of the increased temperatures on CO[sub.2] fluxes in those ecosystems have been barley explored. To address this gap of knowledge, we established the FLUXPYR-ECOFUN micrometeorological flux network, which included three eddy covariance flux stations in grasslands along a management and a climatic gradient (montane to subalpine) at the Pyrenees; we aimed at assessing interactions among environmental and phenological drivers on CO[sub.2] fluxes, with special attention at the role of temperature as CO[sub.2] flux driver under the different climatic and management conditions across the studied gradient. Our results showed that temperature drove CO[sub.2] dynamics along the studied gradient in different ways. At the subalpine grassland net CO[sub.2] uptake was linearly enhanced by temperature and CO[sub.2] fluxes had not reached a temperature shifting point yet (according to the segmented linear models) at which the net uptake would become CO[sub.2] emissions. This suggests that in the short term, and under the incoming enhanced temperatures, sub-alpine grasslands in the Pyrenees might increase their net CO[sub.2] uptake, although the mid long-term uptake may be compromised. On the contrary, the montane grasslands already presented CO[sub.2] emissions at the highest temperatures, most likely driven by a decrease in the greenness and photosynthesis, which suggests that montane grasslands are expected to reduce their CO[sub.2] sink capacity under the increasing temperatures. Overall, mountain grasslands in the mid- to long-term in the Pyrenees may experience a reduction in their net CO[sub.2] uptake capacity under the current climate change scenario.