Tree and arborescent composition in a urban forest fragment in the municipality of Serio, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil/ Estrutura do componente arboreo e arborescente de um fragmento urbano no municipio de Serio, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Urban forest fragments surrounded by housing matrix are a source of richness and can function as a conservation site in the relation between the living beings and the environment. The present study have as aim to describe the community structure of tree and arborescent species in a urban forest frag...

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Published inCiência florestal p. 687
Main Authors Ariotti, Ana Paula, Eichler, Fabiano Eduardo, de Freitas, Elisete Maria
Format Journal Article
LanguageSpanish
Published Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 01.07.2016
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Summary:Urban forest fragments surrounded by housing matrix are a source of richness and can function as a conservation site in the relation between the living beings and the environment. The present study have as aim to describe the community structure of tree and arborescent species in a urban forest fragment in the municipality of Serio, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, inserted in the Atlantic Forest biome, phytoecological formation Montane Deciduous Forest. The floristic inventory was produced through walking method, reaching the total fragment area, in monthly field incursions. For sampling, 40 sampling units (UA's) of 100 [m.sup.2] were scattered, with distance of 20 meters in between them. Inside the UAs, it was obtained the height and circumference at the chest height (CAP) of all specimens which have CAP equal or higher than 15 cm. It was estimated the parameters of dominancy, density, frequency, absolute and relative, and the importance value index (IVI). The floristic inventory found 59 trees and arborescent species belonging to 48 genera and 30 families. In the quantitative inventory, 535 tree specimens belonging to 42 genera and 27 families were sampled. Among the species, three are exotic and three are in the threatened species list of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The absolute density was estimated in 1,338 individuals/[ha.sup.-1]. Actinostemon concolor showed the denser values (140 ind.[ha.sup.-1]), followed by Alchornea triplinervia e Eugenia rostrifolia, both with 108 ind.[ha.sup.-1]. The species with the great IVI's were Alchornea triplinervia, Vernonanthura discolor, Actinostemon concolor, Eugenia rostrifolia and Araucaria angustifolia. The estimated diversity found through the Shanon Index (H') was 3.35, and the equability of Pielou (J') was 0.85, denoting a consistent species diversity. The fragment can be seen as an important shelter for the regional wild fauna and flora. However, to still working in its ecological roles we concluded that conservation and protection measures are needed in this area, being the removal of exotic species the first step to be taken.. Keywords: floristic composition; tree community; phytosociological inventory, Atlantic Forest Biome. Fragmentos urbanos rodeados por uma matriz habitacional constituem uma porcao de floresta que preserva a riqueza e serve para conservacao das relacoes dos seres vivos entre si e com o ambiente. O presente estudo teve por objetivo descrever a comunidade arborea e arborescente do fragmento florestal urbano no municipio de Serio, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), inserido no Bioma Mata Atlantica, na formacao fitoecologica da Floresta Estacional Decidual Montana. O levantamento floristico foi realizado atraves do metodo de caminhamento, atingindo toda a area, em saidas mensais. Para a amostragem, foram distribuidas 40 unidades amostrais (UAs) de 100 [m.sup.2], distantes 20 metros entre si. Dentro das UAs foram obtidos os dados de altura e circunferencia a altura do peito (CAP) de todos os individuos com CAP igual ou superior a 15 cm. Foram estimados os parametros de dominancia, densidade e frequencia, absolutas e relativas, e o indice de valor de importancia (IVI). O levantamento floristico indicou a ocorrencia de 59 especies arboreas e arborescentes pertencentes a 48 generos e 30 familias. No levantamento quantitativo foram amostrados 535 individuos arboreos pertencentes a 51 especies distribuidas em 42 generos e 27 familias. Dentre as especies, tres sao exoticas e tres encontram-se na lista das especies ameacadas de extincao do RS. A densidade absoluta foi estimada em 1.338 ind.[ha.sup.-1]. Actinostemon concolor apresentou os maiores valores de densidade (140 ind. [ha.sup.-1]), seguida por Alchornea triplinervia e Eugenia rostrifolia, ambas com 108 ind.[ha.sup.-1]. As especies com os maiores IVIs foram Alchornea triplinervia, Vernonanthura discolor, Actinostemon concolor, Eugenia rostrifolia e Araucaria angustifolia. A diversidade estimada pelo indice de Shannon (H') foi de 3,35 e a equabilidade de Pielou (J') de 0,85, apontando uma consideravel diversidade de especies. O fragmento constitui um importante refugio de especies da flora nativa regional e, para que continue a cumprir com sua funcao ecologica, e necessaria a implantacao de medidas que visem a sua preservacao, tais como, a eliminacao dos individuos de especies exoticas. Palavras-chave: composicao floristica; comunidade arborea; levantamento fitossociologico; Bioma Mata Atlantica.
ISSN:1980-5098
1980-5098