From coexistence to competitive exclusion: can overfishing change the outcome of competition in skates ?
Competition for food could be a major force driving changes in the community structure of skates (Rajidae) subjected to fishing exploitation. Under this hypothesis, small skates are released from competition with larger skates after fishing has depleted the larger species. Here, we compare the abund...
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Published in | Latin american journal of aquatic research Vol. 40; no. 1; p. 102 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | Spanish |
Published |
Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Escuela de Ciencias del Mar
01.03.2012
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Competition for food could be a major force driving changes in the community structure of skates (Rajidae) subjected to fishing exploitation. Under this hypothesis, small skates are released from competition with larger skates after fishing has depleted the larger species. Here, we compare the abundance patterns of two sympatric skates with similar niches but different life histories, Bathyraja albomaculata (larger and slow-reproducing) and Bathyraja macloviana (smaller and faster-reproducing), before (1971, 1978) and after (1998-2004) a 108% increase in industrial bottom trawling on the southeastern South American shelf in order to test the prediction that B. macloviana should competitively exclude B. albomaculata after the increase in fishing mortality. In 1971 and 1978, there was no relationship between the abundance of both species, indicating that they coexisted over large scales. In 1998-2004, the relationship between the abundances of these skates was bell-shaped, indicating that both species increased in abundance at low densities until peaking, after which B. albomaculata decreased when B. macloviana became more abundant, consistent with resource competition. We tested whether food may be a potential limiting resource by comparing the diet of both species. The two species consumed mostly polychaetes, differing only in the consumption of polychaetes from the family Nephthyidae, which was much higher for B. macloviana. Bathyraja macloviana could replace B. albomaculata at high densities when food resources may become scarce. These results support the hypothesis that competition release is an important factor explaining the changes in skate communities in overexploited areas. Keywords: Bathyraja albomaculata, Bathyraja macloviana, Rajidae, diet overlap, resource competition, elasmobranch fisheries, Argentina. La competencia por el alimento podria ser una fuerza importante detras de los cambios en la estructura de las comunidades de rayas (Rajidae) bajo explotacion pesquera. Segun esta hipotesis, las rayas pequenas son liberadas de la competencia por las rayas de mayor tamano, al disminuir la abundancia de estas ultimas por la pesca. En este trabajo, se comparan los patrones de abundancia de dos rayas simpatricas con nichos similares pero con diferentes historias de vida, Bathyraja albomaculata (mayor y de reproduccion lenta) y Bathyraja macloviana (mas pequena y de reproduccion mas rapida), antes (1971, 1978) y despues (1998-2004) de un incremento del 108% en el arrastre de fondo industrial en la plataforma sudeste de America del Sur, para evaluar la prediccion que B. macloviana excluiria competitivamente a B. albomaculata despues del aumento en la mortalidad por pesca. En 1971 y 1978, no hubo relacion entre las abundancias de ambas especies, indicando que, a escalas grandes, coexistian. En 1998-2004, la relacion entre las abundancias de ambas especies tuvo forma de campana, indicando que ambas incrementaron su abundancia a densidades bajas hasta alcanzar un maximo, a partir del cual la abundancia de B. albomaculata disminuyo a medida que aumentaba la de B. macloviana, patron consistente con la competencia por uso de recursos. Se evaluo si el alimento puede ser un recurso limitante mediante la comparacion de la dieta de ambas especies. Ambas especies consumieron predominantemente poliquetos y difirieron solo en el consumo de poliquetos Nephthyidae, mucho mayor en B. macloviana. B. macloviana remplazaria a B. albomaculata a altas densidades, cuando el alimento podria ser escaso. Estos resultados apoyan la hipotesis de que la liberacion de la competencia es un factor importante en los cambios en las comunidades de rayas sobreexplotadas. Palabras clave: Bathyraja albomaculata, B. macloviana, Rajidae, solapamiento de dieta, competencia por recursos, pesquerias de elasmobranquios, Argentina. |
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ISSN: | 0718-560X 0718-560X |
DOI: | 10.3856/vol40-issue1-fulltext-10 |