Phytochemical regulation of UPD-glucuronosyltransferases: implications for cancer prevention

Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are Phase II biotransformation enzymes that metabolize endogenous and exogenous compounds, some of which have been associated with cancer risk. Many phytochemicals have been shown to induce UGTs in humans, rodents, and cell culture systems. B...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inNutrition and cancer Vol. 59; no. 2; pp. 121 - 141
Main Authors Saracino, M.R, Lampe, J.W
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published 2007
Subjects
animal models
bioavailability
cultured cells
dietary supplements
disease incidence
dosage
enzyme activation
enzyme activity
excretion
humans
in vitro studies
literature reviews
messenger RNA
neoplasms
phytochemicals
signal transduction
transcription (genetics)
transcription factors
transferases
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases
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Summary:Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are Phase II biotransformation enzymes that metabolize endogenous and exogenous compounds, some of which have been associated with cancer risk. Many phytochemicals have been shown to induce UGTs in humans, rodents, and cell culture systems. Because UGTs maintain hormone balance and facilitate excretion of potentially carcinogenic compounds, regulation of their expression and activity may affect cancer risk. Phytochemicals regulate transcription factors such as the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), aryl hydrocarbon, and pregnane X receptors as well as proteins in several signal transduction cascades that converge on Nrf2 to stimulate UGT expression. This induction can be modified by several factors, including phytochemical dose and bioavailability and interindividual variation in enzyme expression. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of dietary modulation of UGTs, particularly by phytochemicals, and discuss the potential mechanisms by which phytochemicals regulate UGT transcription.
ISSN:0163-5581
1532-7914