Immunomodulatory Activities of Apple Seed Extracts on Macrophage

• Published in: Han'guk Sikp'um Yŏngyang Kwahakhoe chi Vol. 42; no. 9
• Main Author: Byun, M.W., Woosong University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Korean
• Published: 01.09.2013
• Subjects: apple seed, macrophage cells, cytotoxicity, nitric oxide production, cytokine production; CITOQUINAS; CYTOKINE; CYTOKINES; TOXICIDAD; TOXICITE; TOXICITY
• ISSN: 1226-3311

This study examined the immunomodulatory activities of apple seed extracts (ASE). The immunomodulatory effects were estimated through nitric oxide production, cytokine induction, protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the phosphylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and inhibitory kappa Bα (IκB-α) in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. In the cytotoxicity asay, ASE (31 to 250 μg/mL) did not induce cytotoxicity; thus, the optimal concentration of ASE was confirmed to be less than 250 μg/mL. Nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6) production significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, the protein expression of iNOS and the phosphorylation of MAPKs and IκB-α were also increased by ASE treatment. Overall, our results suggest that extracts from apple seeds potentially have immunomodulatory activities on macrophages.