Genetic and Breeding Improved Grass and Legumes Species

• Main Authors: Ja`fari, A`li Ashraf, Maddah A`refi, Hassan, Qamari Zare`, A`bbas
• Format: Publication
• Language: Persian
• Published: Karaj (Iran) Reseach Institute of Forest and Rangeland 2009
• Subjects: AMELIORATION GENETIQUE; Borujerd; BREEDING; FEED GRASSES; FITOGENETICA; FORAGE; FORRAJES; FOURRAGE; GENETIC RESOURCES; GENETIC VARIATION; GRAINE; GRAMINEAS FORRAJERAS; GRAMINEE FOURRAGERE; GRASSLANDS; HERBAGE; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_15975; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_2832; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_3218; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_3354; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_3366; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_36108; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_4255; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_4256; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_49902; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_49985; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_6448; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_6486; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_6946; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_8488; Karaj; Kermanshah; LEGUMES; LEGUMINEUSE; LEGUMINOSAE; LEGUMINOSAS; MEJORA; Nur; PARCOURS; PHYTOGENETIQUE; PLANT GENETICS; POACEAE; PRADERAS; RANGELANDS; RECURSOS GENETICOS; REGENERACION; REGENERATION; RENDEMENT; RENDIMIENTO; RESSOURCE GENETIQUE; SEEDS; SEMILLA; TIERRAS DE PASTOS; VARIACION GENETICA; VARIATION GENETIQUE; YIELDS

In order to study of genetic variation and selection of superior genotypes for improved synthetic varieties, 16 Forage species, 9 species belong to Gramineae family as: Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Lolium multiflorum, Secale montanum, Agropyron cristatum, Agropyron desertorum , Bromus persicus, Bromus tomentellus and 7 species belong to Leguminoseae family as: Medicago sativa, Trifolium fragiferum, Trifolium pretense, Trifolium repens, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium pretense and Onobrichis sativa were selected. These species are main perennial grasses and legumes that naturally grow in temperate pasture and rangelands in northern and western Iran. They are used for grazing and hay production. All the species were assessed in 20 separate projects in 5 locations as: Alborz, Karaj (12 projects), Brojerd-Lorestan(4 projects), Kermanshah (2 projects), Arak (1 project) and Noor-Mazandaran (1 project). The main project were started from 1999 in Karaj. Seeds of 450 domestic and foreign accessions in natural resource gene bank were preliminary evaluated in isolated nurseries as spaced plants and the seeds of 398 accessions were regenerated. seeds of accessions were sown in the field using complete block designs with three replications from 2000 to 2005. No measurements were taken in the establishment year. In the second and third years, plants were harvested two or three times per year. Prior to the first harvest, the morphological and phenological traits were measured. In some trials, the assessments for seed and seeds components were followed by the forth and fifth years. Selection methods for D.glomerata and F.arundinacea were based on progeny test and therefore, the heritability, additive, non-additive genetic variances, genetic correlations and genetic gains were estimated for 12 quantitative traits. For the other species, phenotypic recurrent selection was applied. In all trials, the data subjected to analysis of variance and DMRT were used for comparison among genotypes means. Correlations and regression coefficients among yield and other characters were determined. Principal components and cluster analysis were used to group the accessions into clusters. M.sativa and S.montanum with 72 and 10 had the highest and lowest acc., respectively. In the end of this research 96 accessions out of 398 (=24%) were selected as parents of synthetic varieties. Results of genetic analysis of yield and morphological traits in D.glomerata led to selection of 3 accessions out of 20 with average values of 8.5 to 9.3 ton/ha DM yield and 760 Kg/ha seeds. For F.arundinacea, four acc. out of 20 with average values of 10.2 ton/h DM yield and 1100 Kg/h seed yield selected. For L.perenne 9 acc. out of 29 with average values of 10 to 13 ton/h, DM yield and 722 Kg/h seed were determined. In L.multiflorum, 7 acc. out of 20 selected with average values of 10 to 11 ton/h DM yield and 1396 Kg/h seed yield. In assessment of 31 acc. Ag.desertorum in dry land and irrigated conditions in Arak, 4 accession out of 31 were selected with average values of 3.7 and 2.7 DM yield and 615 and 550 Kg/h Seed yield for optimum and dryland farming system, respectively. In assessment of 10 acc. S.montanum in both Drought and Irrigated conditions in Brojerd, accession2382 with average values of 4 and 3.5 ton/h DM yield and 394 and 343 Kg/h Seed for irrigated and dryland farming system, respectively had highest production. In assessment of 18 acc. Ag.cristatum in Both environments, in Brojerd , 4 acc. out of 18 were selected with average values of 2.1 and 1.7 ton/h DM yield and 300 and 250 Kg/h Seeds yield for irrigated and dryland farming system, respectively. In assessment of 11 acc Br.tomentellus in both conditions in Brojerd, the acc. 587 were determined with average values of 3.7 and 1.9 ton/h DM yield and 697 and 265... ...Kg/h Seeds for irrigated and dryland farming system, respectively. For Br.persicus, 6 acc. out of 12 with average values of 2.8 ton/h DM yield and 950 Kg/h seeds were selected under irrigated conditions in Brojerd. Three projects were used for assessments of M.sativa. In Karaj trials, 5 acc. out of 18 were selected with average values of 13.3 and 7.4 ton/h DM yield, and 700 and 370 Kg/h Seeds for spaced plants and swards, respectively, In second trial of M.sativa in Karaj that 72 acc. Were grown as spaced plants, 10 acc. were selected with average values of 9 to 10.6 ton/h DM yield. Hamadani (check) had 8.5 ton/h. In the third trial of M.sativa in Kermanshah, three acc. out of 18 with average values of 6.16 ton/h were selected. In assessment of 18 acc. Of O.sativa In Kermanshah, three acc. with average values of 5.78 ton/h DM yield were selected. In evaluation of 9 acc. of T.pratens in Karaj, 5 acc. with average values of 7 to 10 ton/h DM yield and 330 to 430 Kg/h seed yield had higher production. For T.repens in Karaj, 5 acc. out of 12 with average values of 12.8 ton/h DM yield and 148 Kg/h seed were selected. For T.fragiferum 4 acc out of 9 with average values of 11.3 DM yield and 180 Kg/h had higher production. For T.hybridum, 2 acc. with 11.7 Ton/h DM and 329 Kg/h seed yield were selected, and finally in comparison among pure and mix crop of T.pratens and Festuca arundinacea, in Noor mountains, 4 acc. out 7 with average values 4.8 ton/h DM yield were selected. It was concluded that in Karaj condition, the species of F.arundinacea, L.perenne, L.multiflorum, M.sativa and T.fragiferum with average values of 8.3 to 9.4 ton/h DM production had ranked as the fist groups fallowed by D.glomerata, S.montanum, T.repens, O.sativa with average values 6.6 to 7.6 ton/h DM as the second groups. The species Ag.desertorum, Ag.cristatum, Br.persicus, T.pretense and T.hybridum with average values 3.3 to 5.6 were assigned in the third groups. In Brojerd and Arak, the S.montanum with average values of 3.5 and 3.4 ton/h, followed by Ag.desertorum, Br.tomentellus, Br.persicus with average values 2.5 and 1.5 Ton/h DM yield and Ag.cristatum with average values 1.5 and Ton/h DM had ranked as higher to lower groups under irrigated and drought condition, respectively. For seed yield in Karaj trials, L.multiflorum with 1396 Kg/h seed yield had ranked as the best one followed by F.arundinacea, L.perenne, M.sativa, O.sativa and Br.persicus with average values of 680 to 730 Kg/h seed production. The acc. S.montanum, D.glomerata, B.tomentellus, Ag.cristatum, Ag.desertorum and T.pretense with average values of 300 to 500 Kg/h seed yield were assigned in the third groups followed by T.repens and T.hybridum with average values of 148 and 180 Kg/h seed, respectively. In Brojerd and Arak, the Br.persicus with average values of 780 Kg/h under irrigation condition ranked as the first group followed by Ag.desertorum, Br.tomentellus, Ag.cristatum S.montanum with average values 300 to 480 Kg/h and 210 to 350 Kg/h under irrigated and drought condition, respectively