Improved varieties and production technologies for Chrysanthemum in Indonesia

• Published in: Indonesian Agricultural Research and Development Journal (Indonesia) Vol. 21; no. 4
• Main Authors: Sutater, T, Marwoto, B. (Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias, Jakarta (Indonesia))
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 1999
• Subjects: CHRYSANTHEMUM; CONSERVACION DEL GERMOPLASMA; CONSERVATION DU MATERIEL GENETIQUE; CONTROL DE ENFERMEDADES; CONTROLE DE MALADIES; CUT FLOWER PRODUCTION; DISEASE CONTROL; GERMPLASM CONSERVATION; INDONESIA; INDONESIE; INTEGRATED PLANT PRODUCTION; MULTIPLICATION DES PLANTES; PLANT PROPAGATION; PRODUCCION DE FLORES CORTADAS; PRODUCCION VEGETAL INTEGRADA; PRODUCTION DE FLEURS COUPEES; PRODUCTION VEGETALE INTEGREE; PROPAGACION DE PLANTAS; VARIEDADES; VARIETE; VARIETIES
• ISSN: 0126-2920

Chrysanthemum is one of the most popular flower in Indonesia. In cultivating this species, the farmers use cultivars and production technologies imported from abroad. In many cases, these cultivars are susceptible to major pest and disease and not adaptive to local condition. Meanwhile, the production technologies are high cost and not environmentally friendly. A research on the breeding of chrysanthemum was initiated in 1994 overcome the problems and to raise crop productivity and farming efficiency. New superior varieties were released and ready to enter the market. Accessions of chrysanthemum could be preserved in vitro using modified Murashige and Skoog medium. In the meantime, modification of integrated crop management was also performed to increase efficiency of cut flower production. Improvement of night break pattern during longday period reduced the total cost for electricity energy. Compost of agricultural waste was an alternative to substitute animal manure which their availability was rare. Plant performance of potted chrysanthemum could be improved by applying daminozide at 3,000-4,000 ppm. Application of N fertilizer at suitable dose produced the best quality flower of local chrysanthemum. Pseudomonas fluorescens was a promising biological agent to control with disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Integrated disease control was a reliable approach to control white rust disease. Looser plant spacing combined with application of chlorotalonyl and benomyl once per week were effective to manage the disease at the level below economic threshold Krisan merupakan bunga potong dan tanaman pot terpopuler di Indonesia. Selama ini petani masih menggunakan varietas dan teknologi impor. Krisan impor umumnya peka terhadap hama dan penyakit utama dan kurang adaptif terhadap lingkungan setempat. Demikian pula teknologi produksi yang diterapkan petani merupakan teknologi biaya tinggi dan tidak ramah lingkungan. Perbaikan teknologi sangat penting untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman dan efisiensi usaha tani. Penelitian pemuliaan krisan telah dimulai pada tahun 1994. Kini varietas superior telah dilepas dan siap memasuki pasar. Upaya modifikasi pengelolaan tanaman secara terpadu telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi produksi. Perbaikan siklus penyinaran selama periode hari panjang dapat mengurangi biaya energi listrik. Kompos limbah pertanian merupakan alternatif untuk menggantikan pupuk kandang. Penampilan krisan pot dapat diperbaiki melalui aplikasi daminozide 3.000-4.000 ppm. Aplikasi pupuk N dosis 450 kg/ha menghasilkan bunga berkualitas terbaik. Pseudomonas fluorescens merupakan agen biologi yang efektif untuk mengendalikan penyakit layu yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum. Pengelolaan penyakit secara terpadu merupakan pendekatan yang efektif untuk mengendalikan penyakit karat. Penjarangan jarak tanam induk yang dikombinasikan dengan aplikasi fungisida chlorotalonyl dan benomyl setiap minggu, efektif mengendalikan penyakit karat hingga di bawah ambang ekonomi