Recent development on poultry nutrition and feed technology and suggestions for topics of researches

• Published in: Indonesian Agricultural Research and Development Journal (Indonesia) Vol. 21; no. 3
• Main Author: Sinurat, A.P. (Balai Penelitian Ternak, Bogor (Indonesia))
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 1999
• Subjects: ALIMENT POUR ANIMAUX; AVES DE CORRAL; COMPOSICION APROXIMADA; COMPOSITION GLOBALE; ENERGY SOURCES; FEEDS; FUENTE DE ENERGIA; NUTRIENTES; NUTRIENTS; PIENSOS; POULTRY; PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; SOURCE D'ENERGIE; SUBSTANCE NUTRITIVE; VOLAILLE
• ISSN: 0126-2920

Poultry nutrition and feed technology have been developed to solve feed shortage problems. Few aspects reported in literature include substitution of conventional feedstuffs, enrichment of low quality feedstuffs, and improving efficiency of feed utilization. Unconventional feedstuffs such as cassava root meal, rice bran, sweet potato meal, sago meal, and sorghum could be used as energy source to substitute corn, the conventional source, in poultry diet. While coconut meal, palm kernel meal, soybean curd waste, snail meal, shrimp head meal, leaf meal, and fermented product could be used as protein source to substitute fish meal and/or soybean meal, the conventional protein sources, in poultry diet. Enrichment of low quality feedstuffs such as cassava tuber, cassava waste (onggok), soybean curd waste, palm kernel meal, and palm oil sludge by fermentation was also found in some literature. The fermentation technology is used either to improve protein content or to reduce the fiber content of low quality feedstufs. Precise formulation of feed and utilization of feed and utilization of probiotics and enzymes as feed supplements have been reported in improving efficiency of feed utilization. Some topics of research that relevant to poultry industry in Indonesia are suggested. These include defining precise nutrient requirement of chickens, production of eggs and meat with particular characters, production of new feed, improving nutritive value of feedstuffs, production of probiotics and enzymes, and exploring the utilization of phytogenic as feed supplement to substitute antibiotics Nutrisi unggas dan teknologi pakan telah dikembangkan untuk mengatasi masalah kekurangan pakan. Beberapa aspek telah dikemukakan dalam literatur termasuk substitusi bahan pakan konvensional dengan nonkonvensional, pengayaan bahan pakan berkualitas rendah, dan peningkatan efisiensi penggunaan pakan. Bahan pakan nonkonvensional seperti tepung ubi kayu, ubi jalar, sagu, bekatul, dan sorgum digunakan sebagai sumber energi pengganti jagung yang merupakan bahan pakan konvensional. Sementara tepung kelapa, ampas kedelai, bungkil inti sawit, tepung bekicot, tepung kepala udang, tepung daun, dan produk fermentasi dapat dijadikan sumber protein pengganti tepung ikan dan atau bungkil kedelai. Pengayaan bahan pakan berkualitas rendah seperti umbi dan ampas ubi kayu, ampas kedelai, bungkil inti sawit, dan lumpur minyak sawit dengan cara fermentasi juga banyak didapatkan di literatur. Teknologi fermentasi ini digunakan untuk memperbaiki kandungan protein maupun mengurangi kandungan serat. sedangkan perbaikan efisiensi penggunaan pakan dilakukan dengan formulasi pakan yang tepat serta menggunakan probiotik dan enzim sebagai pakan tambahan. Beberapa saran topik penelitian yang relevan bagi industri perunggasan di Indonesia adalah aspek-aspek penentuan kebutuhan gizi ayam yang tepat, produksi telur dan daging dengan karakter khusus, produksi pakan baru, perbaikan nilai gizi bahan pakan, produksi probiotik dan enzim, serta eksplorasi penggunaan pitogenik sebagai pakan imbuhan pengganti antibiotik