Divergent Thinking and Convergent Thinking: Are They Promoted in Mathematics Textbooks?

This study explores whether mathematics tasks in primary school mathematics textbooks provide opportunities for divergent and convergent thinking. Four mathematics textbooks (one from each of first to fourth grades) are examined for this purpose. A task is divided into three segments for the analysi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inInternational journal of contemporary educational research Vol. 7; no. 1; pp. 240 - 253
Main Authors Bingölbali, Erhan, Bingölbali, Ferhan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 01.06.2020
Subjects
Convergent Thinking
Creative Thinking
Elementary School Mathematics
Foreign Countries
Mathematics Activities
Textbook Evaluation
Textbooks
Thinking Skills
Turkey
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Summary:This study explores whether mathematics tasks in primary school mathematics textbooks provide opportunities for divergent and convergent thinking. Four mathematics textbooks (one from each of first to fourth grades) are examined for this purpose. A task is divided into three segments for the analysis and the segments are named as the beginning, the intermediary, and the end. These segments are analysed in terms of the numbers of entry points, solution methods, and correct outcomes respectively. The modes of the segments enable us to identify six different tasks. Tasks that definitively have an open-ending (multiple correct outcomes) are considered to have divergent thinking features and those which have only one correct outcome are deemed to have convergent thinking characteristics. The study reveals that the textbooks provide opportunities for both divergent and convergent thinking, yet more chances are particularly given for convergent thinking. The findings are discussed in relation to divergent and convergent thinking alongside creativity and some implications are provided for textbooks studies.
ISSN:2148-3868
2148-3868