THE FIRST BOOK OF TEACHING MACHINES

THE FIRST TEACHING MACHINE WAS INVENTED IN THE 1920'S BY SIDNEY L. PRESSEY AND THE FIRST MODERN TEACHING MACHINE WAS DEVELOPED AND POPULARIZED IN THE EARLY 1930'S BY B.F. SKINNER. TODAY BUSINESSMEN AND INDUSTRIALISTS AS WELL AS EDUCATORS HAVE FOUND TEACHING MACHINES USEFUL. ACTUALLY, TEACH...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors EPSTEIN, SAM, EPSTEIN, BERYL
Format Publication
LanguageEnglish
Subjects
Autoinstructional Aids
AUTOTUTOR
Classroom Environment
Educational History
Educational Media
Individual Instruction
Individualized Programs
Learning Theories
Pressey (Sidney Leavitt)
Programed Instruction
Programed Instructional Materials
Skinner (B F)
Teaching Machines
Textbooks
Tutoring
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Summary:THE FIRST TEACHING MACHINE WAS INVENTED IN THE 1920'S BY SIDNEY L. PRESSEY AND THE FIRST MODERN TEACHING MACHINE WAS DEVELOPED AND POPULARIZED IN THE EARLY 1930'S BY B.F. SKINNER. TODAY BUSINESSMEN AND INDUSTRIALISTS AS WELL AS EDUCATORS HAVE FOUND TEACHING MACHINES USEFUL. ACTUALLY, TEACHING IS ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH THE PROGRAM, A CAREFULLY CONSTRUCTED SET OF QUESTIONS OR PROBLEMS DESIGNED TO POSE INCREASINGLY MORE DIFFICULT CHALLENGES. THE MECHANICS OF THE MACHINE MERELY INSURE THAT THE STUDENT WILL NOT SKIP A QUESTION OR LOOK AHEAD FOR THE CORRECT ANSWER. ONLY AFTER INDICATING A RESPONSE TO THE STIMULUS OF THE QUESTION WILL THE STUDENT RECEIVE EITHER A POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT OR AN IMMEDIATE INDICATION THAT HE HAS MADE A MISTAKE. HE CAN PROCEED AT HIS OWN PACE. AS AN INSTRUCTIONAL AID, THE TEACHING MACHINE CAN FACILITATE DRILL SESSIONS. SOME EXPERTS BELIEVE THERE IS NO LIMIT TO THE NUMBER AND KIND OF SUBJECTS THAT MAY SOMEDAY BE PROGRAMED. PROGRAMS CAN ONLY BE DESIGNED BY HIGHLY TRAINED HUMAN BEINGS WHO, THROUGH THE TEACHING MACHINE, CAN REACH COUNTLESS STUDENTS AND ENABLE EACH TO TAKE AN ACTIVE ROLE IN A HIGHLY PERSONALIZED LEARNING EXPERIENCE. THIS DOCUMENT WAS PUBLISHED BY FRANKLIN WATTS, INC., 575 LEXINGTON AVE., NEW YORK, N.Y. (RS)